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Care of premature newborns in former times and today
Vaňková, Barbora Viktorie ; Sedlářová, Petra (advisor) ; Nováková, Jana (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of the development of care for the premature newborn over the ages, focusing on individual areas of care. From publications and articles we can read about marked differences in the care of the newborn if we want to compare history and today. In ancient times, only mothers who gave birth to their children cared for them. There were no professionals or institutions in which such care could be concentrated. But society has always tried to save life, albeit perhaps in the most primitive way. Already during the 18th-19th centuries, the first organized services for the care of pregnant women and their children began to be provided. From the foundling hospitals, we move over time to the establishment of maternity wards and hospital wards for paediatric patients. We are passing through a period when the care of the premature newborn was only peripherally touched upon by society, and often shunned, until the first research on the subject began to be carried out and the overall level of care improved and methods became more sophisticated. During the study of the literature sources, developments were observed especially in the areas of maintaining the temperature environment, especially incubators, and the development of the kangaroo method, which is coming to the fore nowadays...
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Individualized feeding of premature babies in practice
Kotíková, Aneta ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the individualized feeding of preterm infants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the benefits of orofacial stimulation and to compare the values with a group of premature newborns who were fed standardly, without any intervention. The measurement took place in three periods of the child's life. When being discharged from the maternity hospital, in the 1st and 2nd years of life. Evaluation parameters included length of hospitalization, diet at discharge, at 12 and 24 months, and anthropometric parameters such as BMI, weight-height ratio, head circumference, and body length. Orofacial stimulation always took place before each breastfeeding during hospitalization. In the monitored period, statistically significant changes were recorded in the days of hospitalization, diet at discharge, and at 12 and 24 months in preterm infants. Breastfeeding difficulties were significantly reduced after orofacial stimulation. However, the study did not show significant differences in orofacial stimulation on anthropometric parameters. It follows that orofacial stimulation does not affect the growth of the newborn, it only supports and improves the quality of breastfeeding. In summary, it can be said that the orofacial stimulation method is an effective form of breastfeeding support...
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