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Zhodnocení vlivu vybraných ukazatelů na tělesné rozměry a úhly končetin koní
Knotková, Veronika
The goal of diploma thesis was evaluating the effect of observed factors, which is breed, age, the type of stabling, feeding, a mount of the work, the way of hooves trimming and interval between hooves trimming, on angles of limbs. The database for statistical evaluating was made by manual inserting of data after measuring, capturing and writting down the information about the horse. Angles of limbs was measured by computer program from photos. In theoretical part of thesis I described anatomy and physiology of the horse's limbs and hooves, mechanics of movement and defects of positions. In practical part I have statistically evaluated influence of observed effects on limbs angles using a general linear model GLM and if a statistical significant influence, the data were evaluated using the multiple comparisons by the Scheffe method. The average values of data were compared with values of ideal.
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Změny mechaniky pohybu koně v tahu při různé zátěži
PISCOVÁ MANDOVÁ, Paulína
Cold-blooded horses find their use at present mainly in tensile work in forest stands. Motion mechanics plays the key role in estimating their potential for performing this activity. Subsequently, it is used in their selection and reproduction. In the process, applied load the horse is working with significantly influences the characteristics of a movement. Therefore, for horses doing tensile work, an objective assessment of their movement mechanics is important, not only during demonstration but also under a changing load. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate an experiment for assessing the quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics (step length, action height and running speed) of a cold-blooded horse with no load and with a load of different weight using videographic kinematic analysis. The data obtained were statistically processed to assess changes in step length, action height and running speed depending on the changing load. The results of our experiment showed that the step length decreases with increasing weight of the load. From an average value of 1.94 m at run without a load, it drops to an average value of 1.02 m at a maximum monitored load of 500 kg. A high dependence (r=-0.93) of the step length reduction on the tensile load was found. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001). Changes in action height with increasing load weight are different for the forelimb and rear limb. The forelimb has an almost constant value (~ 0.08m) and no dependence (p=0.977) on the changing weight of the load has been demonstrated. The rear limb shows a strong correlation (p<0.001) to the increasing weight of the load. The correlation coefficient r=0.52 indicates only a slight dependence. This difference can be explained by different function and construction of the limb. The running speed derived from the horizontal marker from the tracking mark on the back is uniform in all observed cases and decreases from 1.95 m.s-1 to 1.19 m.s-1 with increasing weight of the load. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001) and the correlation coefficient of r=-0.94 indicates a strong dependence. The results obtained from the horizontal head velocity component are very well matched to the spine results. The results provided by this method can be an invaluable tool in objective detection of utility and breeding potential of cold-blooded horse in tensile work. Based on these findings, we can recommend further development of videographic kinematic analysis application to objectify the evaluation of quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics for zootechnical and breeding practice.
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Posuzování mechaniky pohybu chladnokrevných koní
PISCOVÁ MANDOVÁ, Paulína
The most common breed of coldblooded horses in the Czech Republic are the Czech-Moravian Belgian horse, Silesian noriker and Noriker. Evaluation of the mechanics of movement is an important part of the estimation of their potential use for work, breeding value and possibly for sport. The aim of this study was to assess the evaluation mechanics of movement in walk and trot used in the Czech Republic. Afterwards, we evaluate the possibility of using objective methods and their effectiveness in breeding practice. Within the literature review there have been described the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the musculoskeletal system of horses that directly define their movement abilities. Furthermore, the most important breeds of coldblooded horses in the Czech Republic were characterized and then there was an overview of the characteristics of movement prepared, the methods of evaluation and comparison of the methods used in foreign breeder's associations. From the objective evaluation methods, the mechanics of movement has been selected a video graphic kinematic analysis, which is the best breeding practice exercisable. At a minimum cost, we could perform this analysis even under normal conditions for Czech farmers. The methodology of measurement was proven with an emphasis on the use of the data obtained from the objective evaluation of the mechanics of movement of coldblooded horses. Of the identified knowledge under certain circumstances we may recommend this method as a useful supplement to established evaluation methods in zootechnical practice.
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Vliv jezdce na délku kroku u koně
VRABČEKOVÁ, Monika
The mechanics of movement is one of the performance indicators of horses. It is influenced by internal and external factors. This thesis analyses how the rider's proficiency effects the length of steps of a walking and trotting horse. This experiment involves five horses of different breeds from ZF JU Ceske Budejovice and four riders of different proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced and a professional).These parameters were tested using video recordings: walking speed, the length of the step, the elevation height of the front left leg and the back left leg, the angle of the nose to the ground and the angle of the cheeks when walking and trotting. Measurements proved that the rider's proficiency and ability has statistically very high effect on the mechanics of the horse's movement, especially in relation to the elevation height of the legs, the length of the steps and speed. As the rider's proficiency level increases the walking speed and the elevation height of the legs also increase and the steps become longer. The nose angle got close to 90° with an increased level of rider's proficiency and the level of the angle of the cheeks decreased.The biggest differences were found between a beginner and a professional on a trotting horse. The differences were smaller when the horse was walking rather than trotting, however they still showed the same trend.The results found show that the rider has a significant effect on the mechanics of movement. A horse with a rider of higher proficiency can achieve better results and is able to demonstrate its abilities better. This can be used in races, exhibitions or horse sales.
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Objektivní hodnocení mechaniky pohybu hříbat chladnokrevných koní
KOČVAROVÁ, Ivana
Goal of this study was to assess movement mechanics quality of cold-blooded breed foals (being bred in rearing houses), determine changes in movement mechanics as the breeding advances, and spot possible differences between the cold-blooded breeds in an objective manner.Quality of movement was tracked in two breeding houses in the years 2014 and 2015 and 48 stallion foals aged one, two and three years were included in this study. 24 stallions were of the breed Czech-Moravian Belgian horse, 15 Silesian Noriker and 9 Noriker. All stallions had been weighed in three-month intervals, 13 body measurements were taken and video technology was used to record their movement while being led. Recording was used to determine stride length and height span of right front and right hind leg movement. 354 measurements have been evaluated. Walk characteristics were determined at standardized movement speed of 75m.min-1. Foals bred at an altitude of 650 m were found to have flatter and longer strides than those bred at an altitude of 420 m. The outcome of inter-breed comparison was that Silesian Noriker have the longest stride, while Noriker have the biggest limb movement span. As foals grew older, stride length got slightly longer, while the limb movement span remained without major alterations.
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Zhodnocení chovu velšských pony v České republice
Píšová, Markéta
This work evaluates the movement of the Welsh pony breed in the Czech republic.. The aim was to evaluate numbers of population, evaluate the movement in walk and trot and evaluate the linear score trait. Basic parameters were measured (length of stride in walk, length of stride in trot and the frequency). For this evaluation the following effects were chosen: sex, breed section, country of origin and scapula angle. 348 individuals of the Welsh Pony and Cob breeds were entered into the database for linear score and 80 individuals of the Welsh Pony and Cob breeds were entered into database for movement evaluated, of which 20 animals were section A and 20 animals section B, 20 animals section D and 20 animals section D. We measured the data with a laser measure and a special pedometer in the Czech republic, the Netherlands and The Great Britain. The relationship between the length of stride in walk and trot was investigated in comparison to the wither height, the animal's sex, its country of origin, breed section and the angle of the scapula. A conclusive (P less than or equal to 0,05) influence was also observed for the effect of section. By comparing the spaciousness in walk and trot according to the chosen effects of sex, scapula angle, adherence to section and country of origin, we proved a highly conclusive (P less than or equal to 0, 01) influence of the scapula angle and a conclusive (P less than or equal to 0, 05) influence between section A and D, section B and D, section A and B, A and WPBR and B and WPBR. Multiple comparisons showed a conclusive difference in the effect section for sklon a tvar zádě. The length and type of back was conclusive difference for the effect sex, include the traits back, pastern and loins for effect age.
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Performance evaluation of Oldkladruby horses
IGNATOVA, Natalia
Horse breeding has always been favored over the other sectors of animal husbandry. Oldkladruby horse, bred in the Czech Republic for more than 400 years, is one of the oldest breeds of horses. This original breed is included in animal genetic resources. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the results of Oldkladruby horse performance tests. The database was formed by descendants of fathers in breeding process in 1994 - 2014. The work follows the five factors reliability in heavy draught, team of horses maneuverability, marathon, movement, rideability and overall performance. Performance test is an important factor when selecting individuals for breeding, as well as a basis for determining performance of horses. Emphasis was placed on the analysis of monitored indicators and eventually on evaluation of the mechanics of movement, which is very important for Oldkladruby horses. Rudolfo, Roma and Siglavi Pakra strain represented a small number of individuals and their values are regarded as indicative. The largest number of mares which have undergone performance testing, belong to Generalissimus strain in the white color horses and Solo and Sacramoso colored black. Low values of the variation coefficient were found for all groups of mares and show considerable results balance. The results showed that for Oldkladruby mares in the mechanics of movement when comparing color variations, the highest marks reached strain Generalissimo. Due to the small number of stallions in the evaluation, we compared only their color variation. The low coefficient of variation indicates that the performance of stallions reached high level. When comparing the results of mares and stallions, we found that stallions excelled in all disciplines evaluated over mares.
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Zhodnocení vlivu vybraných ukazatelů na tělesné rozměry a úhly končetin koní
Knotková, Veronika
The goal of diploma thesis was evaluating the effect of observed factors, which is breed, age, the type of stabling, feeding, a mount of the work, the way of hooves trimming and interval between hooves trimming, on angles of limbs. The database for statistical evaluating was made by manual inserting of data after measuring, capturing and writting down the information about the horse. Angles of limbs was measured by computer program from photos. In theoretical part of thesis I described anatomy and physiology of the horse's limbs and hooves, mechanics of movement and defects of positions. In practical part I have statistically evaluated influence of observed effects on limbs angles using a general linear model GLM and if a statistical significant influence, the data were evaluated using the multiple comparisons by the Scheffe method. The average values of data were compared with values of ideal.
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