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Polymorfismus v genu DGAT1 ve vztahu k marblingu u skotu
Kučírek, Martin
Intramuscular fat occurring in the muscle of cattle is supposed to be prerequisite for high-quality beef. Marbling has effect on juiciness, tenderness and flavor of the meat. Selection of cattle at higher marbling score brings increased meat tenderness. It is influenced by many factors, among which we classify genetic background, age of animal, nutrition, sex and pedigree of animal. The aim is to perform association analysis beetween dinucleotide polymorphism in the gene DGAT1 (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) and the marbling score. Part of thesis is elaboration of literature, present state of the problem, genes affecting metabolism of intramuscular fat in cattle, the role of the enzyme DGAT1 in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and its physiological function (energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, relation to fat accumulation and obesity). In this study a singificant difference of allelic contribution to intermuscular fat content in tested samples was found. Nevertheless, effect of Q allele was reverse than observed in similar studies.
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Cattle Candidate Genes for Meat Production Traits
BLÁHOVÁ, Alice
The objective of this study was to compile a summary of the most important candidate genes for meat production. The studied genes were: GH, GHR, MSTN, MyoD family, leptin, IGF, TG5, SCD, DGAT and STAT5A. Growth hormone (GH) is involved in physiological processes of growth and metabolism. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for meat production in cattle. Myostatin is a significant marker. It affects the amount of muscle, reduces marbling and elevate meat tenderness. MyoD family are proteins that play a role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD family include the genes: MYF3, MYF4, MYF5 and MYF6. Leptin is in association with the storage of fat, food intake and energy balance. The thyroglobulin gene (TG5) is the precursor for thyroid hormones. These hormones have important role in formation and differentitation of cells. Product of the SCD genes is stearoyl? CoA denaturase. This enzym is responsible for conversion of saturated fatty acids into monoinsaturated fatty acids. DGAT1 genes is a candidate gene for marbling of meat and fat in milk. STAT5A gene is a group of transcription factors and is very important intracellular mediator of prolactin.
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