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Hodnocení produkce a kvality píce smíšené kultury Zea mays a Lupinus albus
Látal, Vojtěch
The aim of the diploma thesis was to compare the production and quality of forage of monoculture of maize (Zea mays L.) with a mixed culture of maize (Zea mays L.) and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). The literature review describes the basic methods of feed preservation and factors influencing their quality. Another part of the literature review is the characteristics of growing maize (Zea mays L.), white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and a description of the basic technologieswhich are necessary for growing these two crops. The research was carried out on two plots not far from each other, which are managed by Zemědělské družstvo Haňovice. The analysis of silages showed that the silage from a mixed culture of sown maize (Zea mays L.) and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) contained less ADF (18%) compared to silage from a monoculture of sown maize (Zea Mays L.), less NDF (43%) and more starch (36%). The mixed culture silage have comparable parameters to corn silage. According to the evaluation of the Standard 2004, both silages received 99 points and were included in the overall class I. (the excellent quality of silage). One ton of silage from a mixed culture of sown maize (Zea Mays L.) and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was financially valued at CZK 697.6, while silage from a sown maize (Zea Mays L.) monoculture was valued at CZK 634.2.
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Vliv hnojení na kvalitativní a kvantitativní charakteristiky polopřirozeného travního porostu
Šplíchal, Zdeněk
Topic of the thesis deals with the influence of fertilization on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semi-natural grassland. The aim is to assess the effect of fertilization, timing of grass cutting (1st cutting, 2nd cutting, 3rd cutting) and a use of plants (double-cut, triple-cut) on organic nutrient content (crude protein, crude fibre, water soluable carbohydrate, digestibility of crude protein), ash plants, diversity of the species and yields of semi-natural grassland. Research was done in the years 2011 and 2012. Intensity of fertilization is graded as following: Not Fertilized, Fertilized 30P+60K, Fertilized 45N+PK, Fertilized 90N+PK, Fertilized 135N+PK and Fertilized 180N+PK. Semi-natural grass is based on a station in the area of Zdarske Vrchy. Lowest yields were assessed on unfertilized grassland and on the other hand the highest yields were assessed on the fertilized grassland 180N+PK. Major differences (P<0,05) in crude protein and digestible of crude protein were in between the cuttings during 2011 and 2012. Hill's diversity index showed higher values at triple-cut grassland. The highest values of fertilisation had the PK type of fertilisation. The fertilisation had some positive influence on (P<0,05) occurence of Alopecurus pratensis L., Poa pratensis L. in the grassland. The fertilisation subdued occurence of Ranunculus acris L., Carex spp., Anthoxanthum odoratum L. and other less nutricious species. The quotient of clover was increased (P<0,05) after the application of PK. However it was decreased (P<0,05) after the application of nitrogen.
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Evaluation of nutritional quality of tropical and temperate forages
Komey, Agnes Josylyn
Background: Grasses (Poaceae) and herbaceous legumes (Fabaceae) are the usual forages used in animal production. They can be categorised into temperate (C3/cool-season) and tropical (C4/warm-season). Forage crops with C3 photosynthetic pathways (temperate forages) are more nutritious than those with C4 (tropical forages). Aim: To evaluate the nutritional quality of tropical and temperate forages. Design and methods: Data were gathered for four (4) tropical forage crops (legumes; Stylosanthes guianensis and Centosema pascuorum versus grasses; Biachiara decumbens and Pennisetum purpureum) from 11 scientific publications. To be added, the publication had to contain at least data on crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and dry matter. Forage samples were analysed using methods proposed by AOAC (1990 and 2011), Goering and Van Soes (1970), Silva and Queiroz (2002), Van-Soest et al. (1991). For temperate forage, the method was as follow: The study was done at the Research Station of Fodder Crops in Vatin (49o31'N, 15o58'E, 560 m.a.s.1) located in the Czech Republic. Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Trifolium pratense (meadow /red clover) were the legume forages used. The grass species were Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Dactylis glomerata (cock's foot). The legumes were harvested before flowering (butonization), and the grasses were harvested at the boot stage. Samples of each forage species were analysed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and dry matter (DM). SPSS (version 20) was used to analyze the data gathered, as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences in the nutritive values between crop types within the same group (tropical grass/legume and temperate grass/legume) were analysed using independent sample t-tests (SPSS). The differences in nutrients between temperate and tropical forages were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's pairwise comparison test. For all analyses, the statistical significance threshold was fixed at P 0.05. Results: There were significant differences observed in the nutrients among the forage legumes. The CP content for Centro (C.pascuorum) was significantly more than that of stylo (S.guianensis); 14.83a ± 0.84 vs 11.32b±0.84 respectively (P-value= 0.02 from Tukey's pairwise comparison). Also, significant differences were observed among the forage grasses. The ADF content for signal grass was significantly more (40.68a ± 1.06) compared to cock's foot grass (32.39b ± 2.25) (P-value=0.011 from Tukey's pairwise comparison). Conclusion: The study resulted in temperature forages having better nutritional quality than tropical forages.
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