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Communities of small terrestrial mammals in the surroundings of Vltava river
ŠPILAUER, Tomáš
The bachelor thesis is dealing with the influence of watercourse on the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in landscape near river Vltava in South Bohemia. The theoretical part consists of literally review about diversity, ecotones, biocorridors, watercourses and about ecology of small terrestrial mammals. The aim of the practical part is to compare biodiversity, abundance of small mammals and compare impact of watercourses on small mammals. During 2021 vegetation sesion the CMR method with ear tags was used. During three-days long captures were laid 25 traps in 5 metres distances in each of the three studied biotope lines (Forest, Meadow, Shore). In total 136 individuals of small mammals were captured. The species, sex, weight, foot lenght and age of captured mammals were determined. Two species of small terrestrial mammals were captured (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus sylvaticus). In total of all 136 individuals were captured: 51 individuals of Myodes glareolus and 75 individuals of Apodemus sylvaticus. Significant difference in quantity was in the line Forest where were captured 23 Myodes glareolus and 45 Apodemus sylvaticus. In the line Forest were captured 68 individuals in total and the same number was captured in the line Shore (also 68 individuals). In the Meadow line no individual was captured.
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The influence of management on biodiversity of vertebrates model groups - small mammals
KOUTNÍKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor{\crq}s work: The influence of management on biodiversity of vertebrates model groups {--} small mammals, creates a part of a large study focused on an assessment of influence of different agricultural management on ecological functions and water fluxes in the landscape of spring water areas in Bohemian forest. The bachelor{\crq}s work is based on a hypothesis that management influences among others also biodiversity of the locality. Small terrestrial mammals are one of the vertebrate groups, which diversity is a good indicator for momentary quality of environment. It is given by their good reproduction capacity and ability of invasion. The aim of this work is to compare the small mammals{\crq} biodiversity of three small catchments with different management. The theoretical part contains literary review of the small mammals{\crq} occurrence in Bohemian forest, their microhabitat preferences and the influence of management on their communities diversity. In the practical part, data from three live-trappings realized during the summer and autumn 2007 were evaluated. The greatest diversity and abundance of small mammals were recorded in the forested catchment of Bukový potok. By contrast, we captured no individual of small mammal in the drained Mlýnský potok catchment, which is used as a pasture. The theme was supported by a project MSM 6007665806.
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Linear landscape elements and biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in agriculture landscape
MARŠÁLEK, Martin
Annotation The thesis deals with an influence of linear landscape elements and landscape heterogeneity on a biodiversity and population dynamics of small terrestrial mammals (STM) in an agricultural landscape of South Bohemia. The theoretical part consists of literally review about landscape, historical analysis of landscape structures development in the area of interest and summarizes existing knowledge about the ecology of present STM species. The aim of the practical part is to compare small mammals' biodiversity in three biotopes using capture-release-recapture method. The thesis follows my bachelor thesis and uses the same methods as in 2013. Data obtained in 2013 and 2015 were evaluated and the results were compared. In both years three three-days long captures were performed, always with 30 traps in 5 meters distance in every biotope. The species, sex, weight, foot length and age of captured animals were determined. In 2013, 60 individuals of three species of small terrestrial mammals were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus and Microtus arvalis). In 2015, 444 individuals of four species were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus flavicollis). The total numbers of STM significantly differ between 2013 and 2015 (Wilcoxon's pair test, Z = 2,66; p = 0,008). The biotopes differ significantly in animal abundance in both 2013 (Chi-Square 114,1; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001) and 2015 (Chi-Square 346,96; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001). The highest species diversity and abundance were always found in linear landscape element (alley).
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Vybrané aspekty ekologie drobných savců ve vztahu k variabilitě lesních stanovišť
Čepelka, Ladislav
The present thesis deals with the ecology of small mammals in forest ecosystems of Moravia (Czech Republic). Data were obtained in the period 2002-2013. The monitored habitats were at different altitudes, of diverse forest composition, under various methods of management and at different stages of succession. The localities were situated in lowland forests of rural landscape in southern Moravia and in upland forests of Jeseníky Mts. and Beskydy Mts. During the research, small ground mammals were captured with snap traps. Captured animals were classified according to species, measured, and weighed. The stomachs were removed and stored for subsequent ingested food analysis by NIRS. Saplings on forest plantations were monitored for damage caused by small mammals. At locations of interest in southern Moravia and in the Beskids, seed-mast crop of main broadleaved species was being detected there. In the evaluation of the obtained data, the diversity of small mammals synusias was monitored at sites in lowland and upland forest ecosystems. Habitat preferences of individual species were examined too. In the most abundant species, changes in the population dynamics during monitored period were detected. Special attention was paid to population characteristics in relation to the intensity of the seed crop. In mammals from southern Moravia, quality of ingested food (ratio of nitrogenous substances in the content of stomachs) was studied by NIRS. The influence of small rodents on tree saplings was monitored in Jeseníky Mts.
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The impact of landscape elements on biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals
MARŠÁLEK, Martin
The bachelor thesis is dealing with the influence of linear landscape elements on the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in an agricultural landscape of South Bohemia. The theoretical part consists of literally review about biodiversity in agroecosystems, ecotones, landscape elements and about ecology of small rodents and insectivores. The aim of the practical part is to compare small mammals' biodiversity in a linear landscape element, on its edge and in surrounding agriculture area. During 2013 vegetation season three three-days long captures were accomplished, CMR method with ears tags was used. In each of three studied biotope a line with 30 traps in 5 metres distances was laid. The species, sex, weight, foot length and age of captured animals were determined. In total, 36 individuals of three species of small terrestrial mammals were captured (Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus and Microtus arvalis). The biotopes differ significantly in animal abundance (Chi-Square 66,167; d. f. = 2; p < 0, 0001). The highest species diversity and abundance were found in linear element, where 35 individuals and all the species were captured. In ecotonal zone only one individual was found and there was no individual captured at agricultural meadow.
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Biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals on meadows with different management and water regime in Třeboňsko area
KOMENDOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis builds on previous work comparing biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals at four localities with different management. The thesis significantly extends the previous work. The theoretical part consists of a literature search on the issue of the occurrence of small mammals in an area around the town Třeboň, their microhabitat preferences and the impact of farming on biodiversity of their communities. The practical part describes the species composition of small terrestrial mammals? communities and changes of their abundance and biomass during the three growing seasons, depending on the climatic characteristics of the locality. It includes evaluation of the results of the regular catches in traps (CMR method), which were realized from June to September between 2009 and 2011 (three catches once a year) at four sites with different management: Mokré louky - non mowed, Mokré louky - mowed, Cirkvičný meadow and a pasture (meadow) Jeţek. A total there were 553 individuals of small terrestrial mammals caught and we noted nine species: Microtus arvalis, Microtus. agrestis, Micromys minutus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, Neomys anomalus, Neomys fodiens, Crocidura suaveolens and Apodemus sylvaticus. Various characters of biotopes provide differently suitable conditions for the establishment of populations according to their habitat requirements. The predominant species in Mokré louky mowed and non-mowed was Microtus agrestis and in the Cirkvičný meadow and Jeţek it was Microtus arvalis. The highest abundance and diversity were recorded in Mokré louky mowed and non-mowed. The highest biomass was recorded in 2009 and 2010 in summer, when temperatures were highest. In 2011, there was the highest biomass in the spring, probably because the previous winter was very warm. The highest Simpson's index of species diversity was in Mokré louky mowed in 2010. The relative abundance was highest of Microtus agrestis, Apodemus sylvaticus and Sorex araneus, alternately in Mokré louky mowed and non-mowed. Microtus arvalis had the highest abundance for all three years in the Cirkvičný meadow. The probability of capture during capture was always increasing, reaching 100%, as in the Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, as well Apodemus sylvaticus. The highest probability of re-capture was at Apodemus sylvaticus, where 33% of the second day and 43% of the third day. The results presented in the thesis contributed to the project NPV 2B06023 MŠMT.
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