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Hyperkoagulační stavy v graviditě a jejich komplikace
KABELOVÁ, Kristýna
Hypercoagulable states occur when the process of hemostasis is disturbed. It manifests as a deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. It is also one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. There are two factors- genetic and acquired. Inherent factors involve coagulation inhibitor deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation and activated protein C resistance. Acquired factors include antiphospolipid syndrome, pregnancy, overweight etc. The analytic part of the thesis is focused on the effect of a low molecular weight heparin. It was shown in many theses that the LMWH could have a negative impact on a parturition complications or a week of parturition, a birth weight. The results of statistical analysis show that there is a coherence between the week of parturition and the type of parturition. What is more, the anticoagulation drug therapy shows a positive effect on the week of parturion. The data used in the thesis originate in laboratory information management system of Clinical Haematology ward in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s.
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Pulmonary embolism in the practice of paramedic
KAHOUNOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis discusses the issue of states of dyspnoea, specifically pulmonary embolism from the perspective of a paramedic working in the area of pre-hospital emergency care. In the theoretical part, a brief characteristic of pre-hospital emergency care is given, the paramedic branch is briefly defined and further on, the basic anatomy and the physiology of the circulatory and respiratory systems is given. Dyspnoea is defined from a general perspective, its causes, diagnosis and risk factors are mentioned. Diagnostically and therapeutically, the thesis is focused on specific characteristics of dyspnoea within pulmonary embolism, including the main causes of their origin. The research part of the thesis was implemented based on semi-structured, anonymously processed interviews. The research file was made of randomly chosen paramedics of the Ambulance in South Bohemia and Central Bohemia. The analysis of the obtained data was focused on the awareness of the paramedics themselves concerning the given issue of dyspnoea, including the presentation of their perspective on the implementation of professional preparation in the dyspnoea issue from their employer´s side. Further on, the procedures of differential diagnosis and pulmonary embolism treatment in pre-hospital emergency care were evaluated. The implemented research has found out that the paramedics from South Bohemia are not sufficiently educated in the issue of dyspnoea, including pulmonary embolism. The paramedics from Central Bohemia are, compared to that, educated by the relevant educational and training centre, educated enough concerning states of dyspnoea. Based on the findings, the thesis results might be presented to the educational and training centre of the South-Bohemian and Central-Bohemian Ambulances to perhaps consider the future aiming of educational and training programmes concerning dyspnoea issues, including the specific aiming at the awareness about pulmonary embolism diagnosis and therapy.
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The influence of information on observance of the regimen precations in patients with deep venous thrombosis hospitalized in the internal ICU.
HRSTKOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of the thesis was to find out if the awareness of patients with deep vein thrombosis hospitalized in internal ICU influences the observance of regime precautions. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the part focused on the research. The theoretical part is focused on the data on the deep vein thrombosis: anatomy data, pathophysiology, causes, clinical signs, investigation methods, complication and treatment. Regime precautions are the necessary part of the treatment. Their observance influences not only easing the complaints, but also prevents the onset of complication development which might result in patient ´s death. A patient with deep vein thrombosis is hospitalized at an ICU of internal department. A part of the thesis is the description of the department and the description of patient{\crq}s admission to the department. Education, interview and observation are the part of nurse ´s work. That is why I described the bases of education, educational process and observation. Qualitative research was applied. The research was carried out at ICU of internal department in Český Krumlov. Research group was created by 8 patients; each second of them was educated in super standard way. In all patients the introductory interview was carried out. The aim was to find out if a patient understood the information given by a doctor, if he or she knows about the regime precautions and their reasons. Further, the part of the patients was educated in super standard way in the course of the whole hospitalization. For this education an educational plan and an information brochure were created. After that the observation of all 8 patients was carried out. The observation was divided into two parts; the plan of observation was created. In the first part called the period of immobilization, the record was carried out during the first three days of this period. This part was focused on the regime precautions concerning the rest of a patient in bed, hydration, elevation of an affected limb, application of cold compresses and movement activities carried out in bed. The second period concerning the first three days when a patient could leave the bed, it was observed if the patients keep the application of elastic roller bandages before they leave the beds, hydration and movement activities according to the doctor ´s recommendation. The aim of my thesis was fulfilled. The research question was aimed at a question if the patients{\crq} awareness influences the observance of regime precautions in case of the deep vein thrombosis. The results proved that the education of patients significantly influences the observance of regime precautions. These patients moreover ask and are interested in the problems of the illness. On the basis of research results hypothesis were stated: H1: The education of patients with deep vein thrombosis positively influences the observance of regime precautions in the period of immobilization. H2: The education of patients with deep vein thrombosis increases their interest in regime precautions at the discharge into domiciliary nursing. The results of the research will be used at the professional hospital seminar for nurses. On the basis of the research the educational plan focused on the regime precautions for the patients with the deep vein thrombosis and informative brochure for the patients were created. The brochure was adopted and started to be used at the education of patients with deep vein thrombosis.
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