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Bloodstream infection in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in of General University Hospital in Prague
BAUER, Kristýna
Blood stream infection is one of the serious life-threatening conditions of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. This is the penetration of microorganisms into the bloodstream, which is accompanied by symptoms of a general infection. The most common consequence is the development of sepsis. The aim of the laboratory examination is to obtain a reliable blood culture result. Such a result can only be achieved if all procedures are followed, from the indication by the doctor to the process of sampling by the medical staff into the bottles directly intended for this purpose. Taking blood cultures confirms or excludes the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Blood cultures are the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. A detection culture is used for hemocultivation of the BacT/Alert 3D system, which is based on the colorimetric detection of CO2 produced by growing microorganisms in blood cultures.
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Septic condition from the perspective of clinical microbiology
SZITAIOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis focused on the issue of bloodstream infections from the poin of view of clinical microbiology. Diagnostics using BACT/ALERT Virtuo automatic blood culture system. In the theoretical part of the thesis, there are mentions of diseases of the blood stream, the causative agents of sepsis, and the method of isolation. In the practical part of the thesis, data obtained in the Pilsen University Hospital are processed, focusing on the most common agents causing sepsis.
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Diagnostics of the blood cultures from the departments of internal medicine in Nemocnice Tábor, a.s.
SMRŽOVÁ, Kamila
The thesis describes blood culture testing at internal medicine departments of Nemocnice Tábor, a.s. (Tábor Hospital). The theoretical part presents the most important terms related to infections of the bloodstream and sepsis. EARS-Net, an important European project is also mentioned. The practical part describes blood culture laboratory process in all phases (preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical) including the steps taken when a sample is positive. Furthermore, the study evaluates data on blood cultures done at internal medicine departments of Nemocnice Tábor, a.s. in 2018, determining the incidence of gram-negative bacteria in positive samples and seeking to describe the differences between community and hospitalised patient groups. Finally, the study also gives an overview of antibiotic resistance in the most commonly detected gram-negative rods including a comparison to EARS-Net data (mean value for internal medicine departments in the Czech Republic). In total, 527 blood culture vials were tested as positive in 2018. A total of 267 positive vials were analysed further after the removal of duplicities and contaminations; a total of 97 strains of gram-negative rods were cultured from the vials. The most commonly detected gram-negative bacterial strains found in positive samples included Escherichia coli (48.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.7%). Differences between community and hospitalised patient groups were found only for Klebsiella pneumoniae; however, the pathogens spectra in both groups were not distinctively different. In terms of resistance assessment in the two most common bacterial strains, a higher frequency of incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin is alarming, also in comparison to EARS-Net data (mean value for internal medicine departments in the Czech Republic).
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Procalcitonin in critically ill patients
Bureš, Martin ; Průcha, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zazula, Roman (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to determinate the levels of procalcitonin and Creactive protein in the serum of patients who met the criteria of sepsis diagnosis and the comparison with positive blood cultures that is the exact confirmation of infectious etiology of SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Bacteriological examination of blood cultures
MAJEROVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the introduction of possibilities of hemoculture examination, assuming the methodology of evolving the manual and automated hemocultures in tha Stafila laboratories and at the Department of Bacteriology in the Hospital of České Budějovice. Then it deals with the comparison of those two systems and learning the basic interpretation of results. In the theoretical part I focus on blood circulation infections, sepsis and its diagnostics and nozocomial infections.The last part delas with the most frequent bacterial causers of blood circulation infections. The practical part focuses on the approach of hemoculture process, firstly on the preanalytic part which includes the sample collection and its transport. Secondly there is the analytic part where cultivation bottles are described as well as the basic methods for bacteria certification such as making the microscopic sample and bacteria cultivation. The next part delas with the determination of a bacteria kind and its antibiotics sensitivity.In the last part there are results of cultivation of the followed up file from the both methods. Positive findig occuresd in 15% of taken hemocultures.
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Microbiological examination of blood cultures by automated system BACTEC
VANIŠOVÁ, Petra
Objective: The aim of this work is to describe a presence of pathogenic microorganisms in bloodstream that could possibly threaten the health and life of a patient. Using an automated microbial detection system Bactec we have detected bacteria or yeast that partake on an extension of a sepsis in given area, we have also compared results with special literature. We have evaluated the percentage of contaminated samples trying to point out the importance of a correct material sampling and also the importance of the level of education of the medical staff. After comparing samples in the cell culture medium we have used control skin smears. We have also marked the period of time for which the cultivation occurred since it is an important factor in the restoration of a patient and lowers the cost of a prospective treatnent. The method: In contrast with the theoretical section of this this work, the practical part is focused on laboratory samples preparation and actual analysis, including identification of the microorganisms, using microscopic, cultivation and biochemical techniques. For the detection of infective agents in blood culture we have used automated microbial detection system BACTEC 9050 which uses fluorescent sensor for the registration of CO2 creation. Carbon dioxide reacts with water and creates acid. This chemical process is followed with the descrease of pH. The content of a positive aerobic vial is vactinated for the right cultivation broth. Microbial groth is then evaluated after 17 to 24 hours in thermostat, followed be antibiotics sensitivity tests and then the optimal treatment is determined. The result: We have colected 1643 samples, 1359 of which did not show any pathogenic species. The work deals with findings inside of 284 samples which the machine marked as positive. The most common was Escherichia coli. The second place in quatity was represented by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The majority of bacteria were gram-negative (72 %). Sample contamination occured in 4.7 % of all samples and was connected with sampling errors. The conclusion: There is an annual growth in bloodstream infections that are also connected with a high percentage of death possibility. Blood cultivation examination with a use of automated systems is crucial for quick and precise detection of microorganisms.
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