|
| |
|
|
Extraordinary events in the Aquapark in Uherské Hradiště
KUBÍČKOVÁ, Kamila
The thesis deals with the issue of possible chlorine leakage from the Aqua Park in the town of Uherské Hradiště. Chlorine is a toxic substance, widely used in industry. The amount of chlorine used in the aqua park does not comply with the values stipulated under the Major Accident Prevention Act, as it is under the limits set in the act and the object therefore cannot be classified into either group A or group B. Since the aqua park falls between unclassified sources, it is not subject to any obligations under this act, including processing documentation for cases of emergency. Despite that it is necessary to ensure the safety of persons in the aqua park area, as well as in its immediate vicinity in case of leakage of large quantities of the substance. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the aqua park can ensure preparedness for emergencies, especially for chlorine leakage. Chlorine is a moderately toxic substance which irritates particularly the respiratory system, eyes and mucous membranes, and in high concentrations, it can cause pulmonary edema and death. The thesis defines its basic physical and chemical properties, the method of using and providing first aid in case of exposure to the substance. Furthermore, it presents basic concepts related to emergencies and leakages of hazardous substances as well as basic legislation dealing with the issue. Such legislation includes primarily the Act on Integrated Rescue System, Act on Chemical Substances and Mixtures, as well as the Fire Protection Act. The thesis further includes risk assessment and analysis carried out using the Cause-Consequence Analysis or cause-effect analysis. This method is used for a better understanding of failures which can occur in an enterprise. It tries to deal mainly with the evaluation of the probability of system failures and looks for the causes of such failures. Using the Aloha and Terex software programs, a chlorine leak was simulated into the surrounding areas during the summer and winter seasons. Both programs simulated a chlorine leak in the total amount of 975 kg, under the same meteorological conditions for both seasons. Based on the specified input information, endangered zones in which it is necessary to evacuate the people were determined.
|
|
| |
|
|
Comparison of Outputs from the Software ALOHA and TerEx in Dispersion Modelling of Selected Hazardous Substances
HENDRYCH, Adam
In the context of an increasing production of industrial toxic substances (TIC; Toxic Industrial Compound), the risk of accidental release of hazardous substances is growing in spite of the gradual implementation of safer technological processes and safety improvement measures. To mitigate the consequences of chemical accidents or to prepare preventive protective measures before the accident, it is necessary to know or at least estimate the course of accidents. In particular, it applies to the range of traumatic events and fatal accidents. One of the tools that can express the impact of accidents is modelling programs. This diploma thesis presents a comparison of outputs from two special types of software ? a foreign program the ALOHA and the TerEx developed in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the thesis was to indicate theoretical aspects related to gaseous toxic substances diffusion in the ground atmospheric layer and to describe modelling of their ill effects range. To achieve this objective, scientific literature and consultation with experts were used. The practical section of the thesis aimed at determining to what extent the results of both programs differ when initial conditions were identical. To achieve this goal, the intercomparison of outputs (e.g. hurtful concentration range) of the two programs that provided results for the same input data sets (type and quantity of hazardous substances, environmental temperature, wind speed, degree of cloud cover, weather stability class, type of ground surface) was used. After the assessment of the comparison it is possible to generalize the results stating that the software ALOHA compared to the TerEx is more conservative, which means that the ALOHA software provides longer anticipated ranges of danger. Therefore, it depends on the user (the person responsible ? crisis manager, intervention commander, mayor of the village), which approach they select or recommend ? to prepare a greater or a smaller area for a possible accident (to ensure public awareness, to implement technical measures to mitigate the impact of that accident, to assess the amount of financial resources, etc.). As a subsequent step it would be appropriate to verify the theoretical results experimentally, by field testing, which would be conducted under the same meteorological conditions under which the modelling was made by the mentioned programs. This would thus confirm the legitimacy of the special software use for the purpose of estimating the range of negative effects of chemical accidents.
|
guest ::
