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Risk of hybridization of threatened P. fruticosa with cultivated Prunus species
Musilová, Lenka ; Vít, Petr (advisor) ; Zahradníček, Jaroslav (referee)
Many agriculturally important fruit trees occur in the genus Prunus, among other also Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) and Sweet cherry (Prunus avium). P. cerasus is considered to be an allopolyploid hybrid originated by hybridization of Prunus fruticosa (2n = 4x = 32) and P. avium (2n = 2x = 16). The world production of sour cherry fruit (P. cerasus) in 2008 is estimated to be more than 1, 15 million tones. Prunus fruticosa is a steppe (forest steppe) relict species, severely endangered in the Czech Republic (C2). The main threat of P. fruticosa are both the direct and indirect human activities, causing, above all the loss of natural biotopes and hybridization with cultivated species that ran wild to the nature. P. fruticosa hybridizes all over its occurrence area with wild P. cerasus (Sour cherry; which is not primary species of the Czech Republic) and originates fertile hybrid Prunus × eminens. The results of existing studies indicate that the hybrids are more common in the central Europe and that the frequency of hybridization rises towards the west. Such phenomenon is related to human activities (cherries cultivation and landscape changes). Many authors consider hybridization to be the main cause of endangerment of this species and noticed that in many habitats the hybrids could totally replace...
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Srovnání metod RFLP, RAPD, SSR a AFLP používaných při studiu genomu Prunus persica (L.)
Vlašínová, Martina
The Peachtree (Prunus persica (L.) is a considerable agricultural breed which is planted more than 4.000 years. It has nutritional and garnish utilization. The molecular methods spread out still very fast and they expand the findings about the research of the Prunus breed. These methods are the fundamental part of the molecular genetics, the breeding, the fingerprinting and the mapping of the plant genome. Within the framework of the breeding of the new kinds the molecular markers SSR, RFLP, AFLP and RAPD help to improve the Peachtree quality and to increase the resistance to diseases and pathogens. These molecular markers are used during the research of the genetic variability and of the structure of the Prunus breed.
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