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Sampling of biological material in the context of development..
HERESOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is titled Biological Material Collection in the Development Context. The bachelor thesis is divided to several parts. Blood, important representatives, access to the bloodstream, tools, blood drawing, the present collection systems and last but not least the collection rooms. In the first part of the thesis we dealt with the blood itself. With what the blood actually is. The next part is dedicated to the important representatives. Here we can learn about Galen, the doctor of gladiators, or William Harvey, the discoverer of the blood circulation. Cristannus de Prachaticzis another important representative in this chapter, but also Jan Janský, the "inventor" of the blood groups. The third part deals with the access to the bloodstream. In this part we can read what bloodletting is and how it is performed (e.g. by application of flasks or leeches). Tools used for blood drawing are dealt with in the next part. Injection syringes, injection needles, vessels for blood drawing, bandage materials, gloves, tourniquets and also glucometers are mentioned here. Each of the tools is described from the oldest written reference up to the present. The fifth part deals with blood drawing. Here you can learn about the necessary preparations contained in test tubes and about the history as well as the present situation of collection of capillary as well as venous blood. The present collection systems form another no less important part of this bachelor thesis. Here we learn how the BD Vacutainer and the Sarstedt system operate. There are also obvious differences between the above systems (not only in the colour of the tubes, but also in the application itself). The last part deals with collection rooms. It explains what collection rooms looked like in the past (from the first written reference) and how they gradually changed, not only in terms of the equipment, up to the present.
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Nurse and biological sample collection
HUBENÁ, Marcela
The Title of the Bachelor's Thesis: Nurse and biological sample collection The Basic Theoretical Outcomes: The collection of biological material is one of the most frequently performed task of a nurse. In order to perform the collection correctly, the nurse needs to know nursing techniques, either from the standards of the ward where the nurse works or from professional literature. Biological material (produced in the human organism) includes blood, urine, faeces, sputum, vomit, gastric content, body fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. Before a medical intervention, it is always important to inform the patient about the procedure (Mikšová, 2006). The Aims of the Thesis: The aim of this thesis was to find whether nurses follow the correct method in blood and urine collection. The following research questions were formulated: 1. What are the most common errors in urine collection? 2. What errors do nurses make in blood collection? Methodology: The empirical part of the thesis was carried out on the basis of qualitative research. The hidden observation method was chosen as the technique for data collection. Collected data was entered into beforehand prepared sheets which included a precise method of venous and capillary blood collection and catheterization of urinary bladder (permanent and one-time) in women. The observation was conducted in March 2015 in standard wards and ICU wards in České Budějovice hospital, a.s. The research sample consisted of 26 general nurses. 12 of them were observed during venous blood collection and 6 of them during capillary blood collection. 2 nurses were observed during urine collection by means of one-time catheterization of urinary bladder in women; 6 nurses during urine collection by means of permanent catheterization of urinary bladder in women. Results: The observation sheets were filled in during the observed collection. Subsequently, categorization tables were created where the ranking of the most common errors in blood and urine collection was represented. The nurses made the following errors during blood collection: not underlying the limb by a protective pad (= incomplete preparation of blood collection tools and failure to check the tools), not washing their hands before and after the procedure, poorly disinfected skin at the site of injection, not using protective gloves, inserting the test tubes into the adapter in incorrect order, applying the tourniquet for more than a minute. The nurses made the following errors in capillary blood collection: not using protective gloves, not washing their hands before the procedure, not wiping the first drop of blood, not preparing all blood collection tools (namely, not using a capillary), poorly disinfected skin at the site of injection, not washing their hands after the procedure. The following errors were observed in the nurses during urine collection by means of catheterization: not arranging for the women to wash their genitals, not washing their hands before the procedure, not arranging for the client to be in an intimate environment before the procedure, incomplete preparation of collection tools and subsequent failure to check the tools before the procedure. Conclusion: The results show that nurses do not follow the correct method of blood and urine collection. They make errors that can lead to poor diagnosis of the examined sample, and, therefore, to a poor diagnosis and treatment of the illness. They do not protect themselves with protective gloves during blood collection. The results of this thesis were consulted with a manager from České Budějovice hospital, a.s. Mgr. Monika Kyselová MBA.
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