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Study of genetic diversity of Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851) colonies
MORAVCOVÁ, Vendula
Pectinatella magnifica is a freshwater organism from the bryozoan group, living in oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters where the temperature reaches 20°C during the year. It was first found and described by Joseph Leidy in the Philadelphia area in 1851. Although the original place of occurrence is North America, it is currently known as an invasive organism on other continents as well. Representatives of the species Pectinatella magnifica live in colonies with a characteristic spherical shape, which makes it easy to recognize and identify. These spherical colonies are covered with a community of zooids that produce a gel-like substance filling the colony itself. The reproduction of bryozoans is both sexual and asexual, with the non-sexual part exceeding the sexual part. The product of asexual reproduction are internal buds, so-called statoblasts, equipped with hooks, thanks to which they can attach to any substrate, which enables easy distribution even over long distances through otherwise difficult terrain. Although this is an ancient group with a predominance of asexual, therefore clonal, reproduction, the sexual part of reproduction enables the emergence of mutations and adaptation to new conditions. The dissertation is focused on determining the genetic diversity of colonies taken from the territory southern Bohemia and the surrounding area using molecular marker techniques. Two molecular techniques were used for processing genetic analyses, namely AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat). Both techniques use universal primers to determine similarity between organisms.
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Rozlišení zástupců rodu Capsicum pomocí metody založené na PCR
Sobotková, Renata
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of the ISSR and SSR methods for the purpose of genetic analysis of 9 varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum). The literature review describes the basic characteristics of the pepper. The next part is focused on the description of molecular methods. The aim was to find suitable ISSR primers and SSR markers that can distinguish individual varieties of pepper. Based on the results dendrograms of genetic related of the studied varieties were created.
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Rozlišení zástupců rodu Daucus pomocí metody založené na PCR
Křemenová, Ludmila
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of the ISSR and SSR methods, with the intention of genetic differentiation of 7 varieties of carrot (Daucus carota L., subsp. sativus (HOFFM.) SCHUBL & MART.). The literary part of the thesis is focused on the basic characteristics and history of carrots. The following part of the thesis is focused on the description of molecular methods based on PCR, which are RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, and SSR, and also the description of the PCR method itself. The purpose was to find suitable ISSR primers and SSR markers that could distinguish individual carrot varieties. Based on analyses and their results, dendrograms of the genetic affinity of observed varieties were created.
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Genetic polymorphism in populations of Meligethes aeneus with different resistance to insecticides
WALTEROVÁ, Lucie
Thesis deals with pollen beetle populations with various degrees of resistance to pyrethroids. Samples were collected in 13 locations in Czech Republice in 2016. DNA of beetles was isolated by CTAB PVP and Chelex 100. After that, molecular methods based on ISSR markers (Inter-simple sequence repeats) were used to distinguish between different pollen beetle populations. Different populations were described based on microsatellites and the results were processed by the PCA analysis (Principal component analysis). 5 ISSR primers were tried and one result of the primers was reproducible. On the base of matrix genetic distance were samples classified to clusters according to genetic similar by PCA analysis. In the next step author evaluated relationship of geografical distance and different ISSR profile. In the end of the work, author tried to amplificate gene encoding voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
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Genetic variation in populations of reed canarygrass, \kur{Phalaris arundinacea} L.
KÁVOVÁ, Tereza
The spread of invasive plant species in natural habitats has become a worldwide problem with negative environmental and economic impacts. An increasing number of invasive organisms are responsible for adverse environmental and economic impacts worldwide, including species extinction, crop failures, reduced water supply, and damage to industrial infrastructures (KERCHER et al., 2007). Phalaris arundinacea L. is widespread throughout the world, except Antarctica and Greenland. Center of diversity of this genus is in the Mediterranean. Members of the genus Phalaris occurs in moist habitats from lower to alpine altitudes (ANDERSON, 1997). Phalaris has a plethora of uses. Its most frequent use is as the root wastewater treatment plants. Phalaris grown as feed for livestock and is also used as an ornamental grass. Phalaris have recently received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy in USA. In recent years there has been a massive spread of P. arundinacea across North America (currently occurs in 43 states) and Canada (ZEDLER & KERCHER, 2004). Phalaris represents a significant threat to its original wetland vegetation and is classified as a harmful agens in nine state of U.S. states (LAVERGNE & MOLOFSKY, 2004). It is believed that these aggressive population have European origin.
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Morphologic plasticity of \kur{Centaurea jacea.}
KARÁSEK, Jakub
Morphological plasticity of brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea L.) was examined. South bohemian populations of subsp. jacea were compared to plasticity in larger area. The plasticity of local population overlaps with both subspecies. The correlation between abiotical factors and determination characteristics were found. Molecular survey using ISSR method shows no difference between subspecies. The final resolution of subspecies existence will be questioned in following study.
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