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Static and dynamic characteristics of the linguopalatal contact of the Czech /ř/
Pavlíková, Miriam ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Veroňková, Jitka (referee)
An unique Czech fricative thrill - /ř/ - was studied mainly by Dr. Hála and Dr. Chlumský in the first half of the twentieth century. The methods employed were rather simple and the experiments were done on limited sample size. We decided to revisit and extend the results with electropalatography (EPG). Four female and three men participated in the experiments that were based on reading aloud voiced and voiceless /ř/ in various contexts. We dedicated a short part to dynamic characteristics of /ř/ and focused predominantly on the area of linguopalatal contact. We described the points of linguopalatal contact during /ř/ with adjusted anteriority index (CA). The possible factors affecting the CA are discussed. We scrutinized the differences in CA depending on selected factors for the whole group and each participant. The data suggest that thrill /ř/ occurs in the alveolar area. Anteriority index was chiefly dependent on voicing /ř/, type of the read material and also differed among various speakers.
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English Past Conditional and the Errors of Czech Advanced Learners of English
Kovandová, Marie ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Jančovičová, Ivana (referee)
The present work studies the uses of the English past conditional and problems it poses for Czech advanced learners of English. The correspondences between the English past conditional and its Czech translation counterparts are explored using a parallel translation corpus. This analysis shows patterns of translation correspondence and confirms that the English past conditional most frequently corresponds to the Czech present conditional. It also presents different ways of expressing the condition in both languages. The results then serve as a basis for a test administered to the students of the first year of the English studies Bc. programme at the Faculty of Education, Charles University. The answers of students are described and evaluated and suggest that they are quite proficient with conditionals. According to the results, the most difficult sentences are those where the past conditional is appropriate in English, but the present conditional is used in Czech. Additionally, where the condition is expressed in a way other than by a conditional clause (e.g., adverbial, implied, etc.). Other influences are also taken into account. The analysis is based on 50 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp available through the Czech National Corpus website and 60 students' responds. KEYWORDS...
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Training of Pupils' Reading Comprehension and Its Application in Mathematical Lexical Tasks Done Within the Czech Language Lessons in the Primary School
Kheková, Sabina ; Babušová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šmejkalová, Martina (referee)
This diploma thesis is supporting material for working with word problems in Czech language and mathematics classes. In the theoretical part one can look at current problems related to word problem solving, methods that can be helpful for more successful pupil's word problem solving, the context of word problems in the Framework Educational Programme for Primary Education, the definition of the concept of word problem and its other phenomena in primary education and factors that influence successful word problem solving. The practical part focuses on methodological recommendations based on the interviews and research conducted. The interviews with teachers and the research investigations carried out in the first educational period are described in detail in this section. In the final part you can find sample preparations for Czech language lessons related to the word problems resulting from both parts of the work. The first research question of this diploma thesis is whether the analysis of the text of a word problem in a Czech language class influences the success of solving the word problem in a mathematics class. In the second research question, I focus on the success of solving a word problem due to the teacher reading the text instead of reading the problem independently. In this thesis I test...
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Interjection in Spanish and English: a contrastive analysis.
CHOUROVÁ, Anna
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the issue of the word class interjection. The thesis aims to analyse the conception of this part of speech in Spanish and Czech and to conduct a contrastive analysis. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part discusses interjections from the perspective of Spanish and Czech grammar books. The practical part focuses on the contrastive analysis conducted using a corpus. The corpus analysis is evaluated in conclusion. The thesis is written in Czech language.
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Constructions Verbonominales in Specialized Texts from the Contrastive Perspective (Czech and Spanish)
KOSTUDISOVÁ, Simona
This master's thesis is called Verbonominal Constructions in Specialized Texts in Contrastive Perspective (Spanish-Czech) and its aim is to perform a contrastive analysis of verbonominal constructions in Spanish specialized texts. It consists of two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on defining this phenomenon from the perspective of both languages and in terms of formal, functional and translation points of view. It also briefly examines the linguistic aspects of Spanish specialized texts. The practical part is based on working with the latest version of the InterCorp parallel corpus, which is used to perform a translation analysis of the means of expression used for translating these constructions from Spanish into Czech.
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Relationship between perceptual and structural variation of human faces: cross-cultural comparison
Pavlovič, Ondřej
ONDŘEJ PAVLOVIČ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL VARIATION OF HUMAN FACES: CROSS- CULTURAL COMPARISON ABSTRAKT The perception of facial features is a fundamental aspect of human culture, influencing daily interactions and relationships. This thesis explores the cross-cultural dynamics of facial perception. First, the theoretical introduction establishes the centrality of facial perception across cultures. Empirical studies included in this thesis elucidate the convergence and divergence of attractiveness standards among cultures. Additionally, this thesis explores the interplay between facial shape dimorphism, color dimorphism, and typicality across a wide variety of populations. The context of Vietnamese immigrants in the Czech Republic offers a unique lens to study the impact of the sociocultural environment on facial perception and preferences. By analyzing attractiveness assessments provided by Czech Europeans, Czech Vietnamese, and Asian Vietnamese raters for Czech and Vietnamese faces, the studies included in this thesis further elucidate the convergence and divergence of attractiveness standards across these groups. The results of these studies underscore the role of facial averageness as a universally significant trait in attractiveness judgments. Studies added to the appendix explore...
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Music information retrieval techniques for determining the place of origin of the Czech chamber and orchestral music interpretations
Miklánek, Štěpán ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Kiska, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the statistical analysis of chamber and orchestral classical music recordings composed by Czech authors. One of the chapters is dedicated to the description of a feature extraction process that precedes the statistical analysis. Techniques of Music Information Retrieval are used during several stages of this thesis. Databases used for analysis are described and pre-processing steps are proposed. A tool for synchronization of the recordings was implemented in MATLAB. Finally the system used for classification of recordings based on their geographical origin is proposed. The recordings are sorted by a binary classifier into two categories of Czech and world recordings. The first part of the statistical analysis is focused on individual analysis of features. The features are evaluated based on their discrimination strength. The second part of the statistical analysis is focused on feature selection, which can improve the overall accuracy of the binary classifier compared to the individual analysis of the features.
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Machine Learning for Natural Language Question Answering
Sasín, Jonáš ; Fajčík, Martin (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with natural language question answering using Czech Wikipedia. Question answering systems are experiencing growing popularity, but most of them are developed for English. The main purpose of this work is to explore possibilities and datasets available and create such system for Czech. In the thesis I focused on two approaches. One of them uses English model ALBERT and machine translation of passages. The other one utilizes the multilingual BERT. Several variants of the system are compared in this work. Possibilities of relevant passage retrieval are also discussed. Standard evaluation is provided for every variant of the tested system. The best system version has been evaluated on the SQAD v3.0 dataset, reaching 0.44 EM and 0.55 F1 score, which is an excellent result compared to other existing systems. The main contribution of this work is the analysis of existing possibilities and setting a benchmark for further development of better systems for Czech.
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