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Diagnostics of pathological changes in vascular system and innovative methods of interventional therapy
Novák, Matěj ; Lambert, Lukáš (advisor) ; Křivánek, Jiří (referee) ; Cihlář, Filip (referee)
Purpose. The objective of the first study was to compare the results of primary patency of failing dialysis arterio-venous fistulas and grafts when using drug-coated balloon catheters in comparison with simple balloon catheters. The aim of the second study was to quantify perfusion changes on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods. In the first study, a total of 76 patients were randomized to the study - 38 patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a drug-coated balloon catheter, and 38 patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a simple balloon catheter. Follow-up DSAs were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline intervention. In the second study, CTPA in 58 patients with CTEPH were evaluated. The volume of the hypoperfused part of the lungs was measured using density thresholding in semi-automatically segmented lung volume and compared with hemodynamic parameters from catheterization. Results. In the first study, the primary patency in the PTA group with a drug-coated balloon catheter versus the PTA group with a simple balloon catheter was 86.7 ± 5.6% vs. 74.2 ± 7.4% at 3 months, 52.8 ± 8.4% vs. 25.6 ± 7.9% at 6 months, 21.8 ± 8.1% vs. 11.0 ± 5.9% at 9...
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Statistical investigation of CT pulmonary angiography in terms of development and depending on age and sex in District Kroměříž 2006-2010
OPLUŠTIL, Vladimír
CT pulmonary angiography is, together with ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, the main diagnostic methods for recognition as pulmonary embolism. This is a very dangerous disease, which may end up even in death. Its share of deaths in hospitals, including subsequent ? complications, is around 4%. Therefore, emphasis is placed on early diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory symptoms are unspecific (including D Dimer).(10) Pulmonary embolism after ischaemic heart disease and arterial hypertension the frequency of its occurrence, the third most serious cardiovascular diseases. Cause of death in pulmonary embolism is usually the exhaustion of the right heart, seeking to overcome suddenly increased the resistance of the pulmonary circulation. This is the pulmonary artery or its branches is embolism blood clot-trombus, resulting in the venous system or in the heart, a saddle embolus, patched up a significant part of the lung. The most common place of trombs, which embolizated to the lungs, are deep veins of lower limbs if they are affected by the flebotrombolitis.(16) In addition to the acute embolism are frequent and chronic embolism. They are equally dangerous. By gradually and subtly clog small blood vessels, reduces the total cross-sectional area of open pulmonary artery, which have blood flow, and since the volume of blood must be maintained even in the smaller section of the vascular bed, should permanently increase the blood pressure in a small circulation, which is also dangerous.(16) In my work is the methods of mathematical statistics processed file 1966 CT pulmonary angiogramy (CTPA), carried out on the CT work in Kroměříž in the years 2006-2010. The work is focused on the statistical survey of the influence of age, sex, and the time evolution of the CTPA during that period.
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