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Magic, Mysticism and Liturgy: Jewish Tradition in Amulets of Late Antiquity
Vinklát, Marek ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee)
1 SUMMARY: Magie, mystika a liturgie: židovská tradice v amuletech pozdní antiky Magic, Mysticism and Liturgy: Jewish Tradition in Amulets of Late Antiquity Marek Vinklát This dissertation thesis focuses on a phenomenon of Aramaic magic bowl, or Aramaic incantation bowls, amulets originating in Mesopotamia of Late Antiquity. It is a first Czech monograph on this topic and also a bold attempt to translate texts of these already published bowls to the Czech language. After the introduction, which elucidates the means of selection and translation of sixteen presented bowls, author discusses the history of research on these peculiar amulets. Many past and modern scholars are presented here with their theories, attitudes and publications. A special part of this second chapter is dedicated to the problem of black antiquities market and illegal trade with Aramaic magic bowls. The first chapter is dealing with a possible connection of bowls and Hekhalot literature, which is also briefly introduced and described. Author analyzes and translates five Aramaic magic bowls and compares their preciously unique content with relevant macroforms of Hekhalot literature. As was stated by another scholars, the Aramaic magic bowls were written by people, who knew the Hekhalot literature and, possibly, were cherishing it. Next...
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Jewish year and his feast
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis deals with important and festive days in the Jewish calendar. It studies their origin both in historical context and in the context of celebrations and customs observed during the festivals. It deals with the festivals both from the religious point of view, i.e. religious commands and orders, and from the societal point of view where it aims at mapping the customs and traditions which are followed but which are not based on religious texts or rabbi tradition. The scope of the text dedicated in the thesis to specific festivals does not strictly copy the religious importance or the popularity of a particular festival with Jewish population; rather, it is guided by the scope of historical background and customs followed in connection with the festival. As a result, some less popular festivals in the society are more prominent than it would have been expected judging by their importance. The thesis presents individual festivals in the chronological order of the religious year, with the exception of Shabbat which is observed every week and Rosh Chodesh celebrated monthly. These festivals were included before other festivals and make up a separate chapter. The broad scope of the thesis encompassing all festive days, including modern festivals, mostly established by the State of Israel, enables...
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Adaptations of the Biblical Myth of Creation in the Treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum and in Philo of Alexandria and their Mutual Comparison
Čapek, Martin ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
AbstraAbstraAbstraAbstractctctct: This thesis deals with the adaptations of the biblical cosmogony, as portrayed in the fist two chapters of Genesi, in the hermetic treatises Corpus hermeticum I (=Poimandres), Corpus hermeticum III (= The Sacred Discourse) and in the work De opificio mundi ("On the Creation of the World") by the jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria. All the three authors share the same common ground, which are the Bible in it's greek translation (Septuagint) and the contemporary greek philosophy, mainly the stoicism and the (middle)platonism. Although all of them strive to create some type of universalistic philosophycal-religious system, each of them reaches his goal by different means. The hermetists pick out of the biblical texts only those elements, which appear to them to be the most abstract and universal and they do not hesitate to add to them many of their own ideas, and to alter the text to make it look more scientific and philosophical than the original biblical myth. Philo also tries to create certain universalistic system, but proceeds in the opposite way. He tries to fill all the specificaly jewish elements, which hermetists ignore, with a new universal philosophical meaning. Apart from this, the comparison allows us to trace various differences between the teachings of our...
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Language and Reality
Bárta, Ondřej ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
This thesis tries to explore how ideologies, namely the national socialism, work. It is based on the presumption that the reality as we experience it, is impacted by the language that we use to describe it. Thus, in accord with the philosophy of Eric Voegelin, it claims that to understand a specific society in its authenticity, it is necessary to examine the means of the language that is used to categorize the world. And it is precisely Voegelins expressions, symbolism and order, that are good instruments to explain the fact that even the nacis created such "reality" that was capable to exclude masses of people from the sphere of moral reciprocity, using a language that refers to a certain view of the world.
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Gender Themes in Contemporary Israeli Cinema
Meytuv, Asya ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
Author: Asya Meytuv Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Prague 1, Czech Republic Field of Studies: Hebrew Studies, M.A. Study program Title: Gender Themes in Contemporary Israeli Cinema Supervisor: PhDr. Pavel Sládek, Ph.D. Number of pages: 64 Number of attachments: 1 Key words: Israeli cinema, homosexuality, judaism, male character, zionism, Israel Abstract Present thesis analyses the representation of sexual minorities in contemporary Israeli cinematography, concentrating especially on a manner of displaying other than heterosexual character to the audience. The depiction of a male character in early Israeli cinema will be compared to the contemporary production. The phenomenon of male homosexuality and its film representation will be researched in the context of cultural, social and religious aspects of Israeli reality. Original interpretations of several key Israeli films of the last decade pertaining to homosexual issues in specifically Israeli context are included in the present paper.
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Mystic ascent in the Ma'aseh merkavah text
Bönischová, Helena ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
Mystický výstup v textu Ma'ase merkava - anotace Tato práce se zabývá pozdně starověkým židovským mystickým textem Ma'ase merkava. Zaměřuje se na tu část textu, která se zabývá mystickým výstupem sedmi nebeskými paláci. V úvodní kapitole se snažím zasadit text Ma'ase merkava do širšího kontextu hejchalotické literatury. Druhá kapitola shrnuje dosavadní bádání týkající se textu Ma'ase merkava. Popisuji zde různé rukopisné verze a dosavadní vydání textu. Dále uvádím a hodnotím odborné práce, věnující se tomuto textu. Třetí kapitola představuje vlastní překlad části textu zabývající se mystickým výstupem podle hebrejského originálu ve zvolené rukopisné verzi (Oxford 1531). Jádro práce představuje čtvrtá kapitola, kde text analyzuji. První část analýzy je věnována funkci a charakteru textu. Uvádím názory různých badatelů na funkci textu a zdůvodňuji svůj názor, že se původně jednalo o krátké záznamy z mystických cest. Poté, co byly tyto krátké záznamy sestaveny do většího textového celku, nabyl text sekundárně také charakter instruktážní příručky. Ve druhé části analýzy zkoumám jednotlivé prvky textu, jako je popis sedmi paláců a sedmi nebes, popis Božích vlastností, Boží jména nebo tzv. nesmyslná slova v textu. Závěr pak představuje krátké shrnutí a zhodnocení práce. Mystic Ascent in the Ma'ase Merkava text -...
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The Representation of Shoah: Children Writing the Holocaust
Vlasáková, Šárka ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Mravcová, Marie (referee)
Aim of this diploma thesis is to compare different forms of narrating of the holocaust through Children's eyes. Pure child's narration has much bigger impact on reader than narration of an adult, enriched with metaphors and attributes. In this way child's point of view extends the ethical dimension of holocaust narration. We will examine the discourse of child's narration in three diaries (The Diary of David Sierakowiak, The Diary of Mary Berg, The Beautiful Days of My Youth by Ana Novac), one Fictional diary (The Unloved. From the Diary of Perla S. by Arnošt Lustig) and a novella (Child of the Shadows by Henryk Grynberg). Children's narrators of the holocaust are characterized by psychological maturity, which contrasts with their official age. On the other hand they reveal childishness, while growing up, because of their unfinished childhood. In those books we will examine changing of the narrators discourse and his depiction of space (ghetto, concentration camp, shelter) and persons (family, friend, Nazis). We will also focus on distinct motives that form these books (e.g.: hunger, guilt, comic, Paradise, game).
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