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THE PROBLEMS OF PASSIVE SMOKING WITHIN CHILDREN´S POPULATION
SCHOVÁNKOVÁ, Lenka
Passive smoking, whose basis is inhalation of smoke produced by other persons, is sometimes also termed as the enforced smoking or as the explosion of air containing a tobacco smoke. In case of children there are formed the condition for origin of asthma, disease of respiratory track, inflammation of the middle ear, syndrome of sudden death in case of newly born babies and other diseases. Although the undesirable effects of passive smoking has been known for a long time, according to the researches more than forty percent of children have been still exposed to them. The aim of this diploma thesis was to map the situation within the selected sample of children´s population, to ascertain to what extent the children are exposed to cigarette´s smoke, what is the level of their awareness of health consequences of passive smoking, what is their relation to active smoking and if this relation is affected by the fact, where and how they are exposed to passive smoking. For the purpose of the research there were determined two hypotheses. The former one assumed that most of children did not realize the principal harmful effects of passive smoking. However, from the evaluation of the results of the questionnaire survey it implied that 90 % of children were able to name correctly the harmful effects of cigarette´s smoke and 91 % thought that passive smoking was detrimental to their health. The latter assumption was that in case of the children being exposed to passive smoking there is a higher risk to become the active smokers. This hypothesis was not completely verified. The percentage of children, who have repeated the experience in smoking, was in the group, whose parents are smokers, lower. On the contrary these children, who are friends with a smoker, more often carried out experiments with a cigarette. In addition to the diploma thesis mentions the results of the pilot study performed in 1996 in the Czech Republic within the project {\clqq}Smoking and me``, which devotes to problems of passive smoking and also selected ascertainment of the study named The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of 2002.
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Issues associated with hospitalization of children with parents staying with them
ŽÁKOVÁ, Lucie
I chose the topic of my thesis-the problems of child´s hospitalization with parents at children´s ward, because ill children and in hospital should not stay alone. The care should be focused on their psychic and also on their parents who are afraid and worried about their child. In the theoretical part of my work the branch paediatrics is mentioned first, followed partly by history of children medicine and nursing. Contemporary system of children´s care is described and developmental periods of children are mentioned in short. Then concepts like health, illness, coping with illness in different age periods continue. Further chapters are devoted to the family of ill child, preparation for hospitalization and nursing process in child at the ward. Practical part is focused on parent´s and nurses´ opinion on the problems, their opinions whether they prefer hospitalization together with parent or just short-time visits of a child who is hospitalized. The data were investigated with the help of two kinds of questionnaires. The first one was established for nurses working at the ward, the other one was for parents or company of hospitalized children. It was found out that Hypothesis I:{\crqq}Parents prefer hospitalization with the child{\crqq} was confirmed. But Hypothesis II:``Nurses prefer in child´s hospitalization just short visits of parents{\crqq} was not confirmed because nurses prefer common hospitalization of parents and their children to short-time visits. The results of this thesis can be used both by children stations and other people who are interested in the problems.
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The use of the nursing model by V. Henderson in care of a child client
ZEUNEROVÁ, Jana
Contemporary nursing care of children is based on the holistic approach aimed at the satisfaction of needs. Nurses in the majority of health facilities use documentation developed by M. Gordon. The nursing model by Virginia Henderson, however, is actually much better suited to the identification and subsequent satisfaction of children's needs. This model belongs to the category of models of needs and of humanistic models. A child's needs are divided into 14 basic domains in this model. The present bachelor's thesis describes a study of the use of nursing documentation based on Henderson's nursing model at the Department of Babies, University Hospital in Plzeň. In Part 1, the quasi-experimental method {--} observation method was applied to data processing. The research group included in-patient children at the Department of Babies. Part 2 of the research was quantitative, based on answers to questions asked by means of a questionnaire. Here the research group included nurses working at the Department of Babies, University Hospital in Plzeň.
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Observing the Charter of rights of children patients in hospital
ROKOSOVÁ, Lenka
My thesis deals with protection of children´s rights in the hospital in Pelhrimov. It raises the issue of hospitalized children, their physical, emotional and social needs. The objective was to find out if the child-patient´s demands are met in the therapeutic process on the part of the small patients themselves as well as their parents. The theoretical part of my thesis gives basic information on the children´s ward in the hospital in Pelhrimov, discusses the aspects of the Charter and mentions the history of children´s rights. In the practical part of the thesis the following targets were set: to examine if persons accompanying children in hospital are given enough information on the Charter of Children´s Rights; if the Charter is posted up for public inspection at all the children wards in the hospital in Pelhrimov; if the rights are fulfilled.Five hypotheses were suggested: 1/ The persons accompanying child patients to hospital are made familiar with the Charter of Children´s Rights at admission to hospital. 2/ An entry is put into the medical record to document that the child´s accompanying person was acquainted with the Charter. 3/ The Charter is posted up for public inspection conspicuously. 4/ In the opinion of persons accompanying the child in hospital the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. 5/ In the opinion of nurses the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. The research was conducted by the quantitative method of a questionnaire.The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives were achieved. The management of the hospital in Pelhrimov will be provided with these results to benefit from them at the accredit proceedings.
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The satisfaction of child´s needs in the establishment: nursery
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Lea
The bachelor thesis is aimed at the determination of the level of satisfying biological and psychical needs of children in facilities of the nursery-like type. Nurseries belong to special health-care facilities ensuring the all-round development of children in accordance with the provisions of Act 20/1996 of the Law Code, section 38. In the 1990s these facilities were mostly liquidated, now the attendance is about 1% of the children up to 1 year of age. However, nowadays the concept of nursery-like care seems to gain in importance. The objective of the thesis was to find if the nursery-like health care facilities can satisfy the child´s biological and psychical needs. The thesis elaboration was based on qualitative research, on the analysis of documents, methods of observation and interviews with the nurses in the facility as well as the parents of the observed children. The survey took place in Emil Pitter Nursery in České Budějovice. The facility belongs to the allowance organization network Nurseries and Shelters, České Budějovice. The sample consisted of eight children who regularly attended the facility. The case reports involved in the thesis comprise the information obtained at the stage of survey.
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The contentment with nursing care at children´s department from the view of a person accomplanying the child
MRÁZOVÁ, Iveta
Satisfaction monitoring is one of the indicators of quality of provided care. The quality of nursing care provided in hospitals has been largely discussed recently. For many health care facilities the patients´ opinion is crucial for the nursing care evaluation and represents a feedback for the nursing staff. The objective of my thesis was to examine opinions of persons accompanying child patients in hospital on the nursing care quality. I set three hypotheses: The first hypothesis is {--} persons accompanying child patients in hospital are satisfied with the care, the second states {--} persons accompanying child patients in hospital are satisfied with communication with the nursing staff in a paediatric ward and the third hypothesis suggests that persons accompanying child patients in hospital are not satisfied with the paediatric ward equipment. The research sample was formed by persons accompanying child patients in the Český Krumlov hospital,Inc. Those persons were staying is hospital together with children during their hospitalization. The research was conducted in the paediatric ward of the Český Krumlov hospital,Inc. by the questionnaire method. The research took place in January, February and March. I analysed data obtained from 69 filled in questionnaires. The data analysis shows that persons accompanying children in hospital were satisfied with the care provided {--} the hypotesis I is confirmed. The persons accompanying children in hospital were also satisfied with communication {--} the hypothesis II is confirmed, and they were satisfied with the paediatric ward equipment {--} the hypothesis III isn´t confirmed. The results of my research will be given over to the Český Krumlov hospital, Inc. management, primarily to the Chief Nursing Officer of the Hospital, to the Chief Physician and to the Senior Nurse Manager of the paediatrical ward. The results may serve as a feedback and an expression of respect for the quality of nursing care in the paediatric ward in the hospital Český Krumlov,Inc.
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The Beginning Preparation for Playing the Piano
DAVIDOVÁ, Veronika
This seminary work is divided into four chapters in which the aspects important for the beginning of the piano play are analysed. The first chapter deals with musical ontogenesis in men at particular periods {--} from the prenatal period to the period of adolescence. The second chapter mentions the main participants in pedagogical process - child, teacher and parent whose role in pedagogical process is essential. The third part describes briefly the psychology of musical abilities, the range of problems related with talent and dispositions, inborn and gained dispositions and finally it deals with the disposition defects and the causes of its origin. The last chapter mentions the development of child´s musicalness, musical perception and creativity. The personal experience with child´s piano education at a young age is a part of this seminary work.
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Weekend activities of czech families - depending on a season
HOLÁ, Věra
In my work, I focused on activities in Czech families during Saturday and Sunday, depending on season. Theoretical part summarises present knowledge to this theme from literature and other sources. The main contens of second part is analysis of data, obtained from investigation in families using selected methods {--} questionary, interview, observation. Reported data are summarized in tables and demonstrated in graphs. From comparison of weekend activities of mothers and fathers, it ensued, that mothers put in child and household care considerably more time. Men {--} fathers attend much more to rest and spare-time activities. Totally, passive way of spending pastime prevails. Based on these results, recommondations are conceived in conclusions.
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Child´s creativity
HYBRANTOVÁ, Jana
Drawing, painting and modelling belong to typical ways of childern´s expressions. Emocional, intellectual, corporeal, perceptional, aesthetic, social and creative growth can be easily analysed by children´s art. The Subject of my exploration in this work is the creativity. At first I mention psychology of creativity issues and interpretation of basic definitions in this sience branch. Then follow characteristics of individual stages of children´s art creativity and characteristics of evolutional stages of creative activities in childhood. In the end there are various art techniques for development of child´s creativity used in art-therapy with children, who attend art lessons in their leisure time. I describe the beginning and the course of art-therapeutic process as well as the children´s art expressions in specific open group.
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Play of a Preschool Child
VONDRÁČKOVÁ, Šárka
Bachelor's thesis deals with the problems in the life of a pre -school child. The theoretical part is based on the general views and attitudes, supported by professional literature, which relate to the characteristics of the game, its importance and the diagnostic and educational opportunities. There is the part of the development characteristics of preschool age in terms of games and toys too. The research (practical) part finds out the perception of the game of pre- school child by a teacher, a parent, as well as me, as an independent observer of the research sample of pre -school age children. It also includes the comparison of views of parents, pre -school teachers and an independent observer. The part of their work are the conclusions for the practice.
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