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The subject in articulo mortis and face to face with nature
Hrbata, Zdeněk
The article first discusses the positive (e.g. William Wordsworth, Novalis, Victor Hugo) and the negative (Alfred de Vigny, Giacomo Leopardi) conceptions of nature in the Romantic epoch, as well as pointing out their principal objects: the being of the universe and the appearance of landscape. With regard to this background, it compares situations and reflections of the prisoner or the convict condemned to death in the works of George Gordon Byron (The Prisoner of Chillon, 1816), Victor Hugo (Le Dernier Jour d'un Condamné, 1829, Quatre vingt-treize, 1874) and Karel Hynek Mácha (Máj, 1836). It analyses the tragic separation between final existence and renewable nature, indifferent to human destiny.
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Early reception of Mácha’s "Marinka" in 1830s and 1840s Czech literature
Charypar, Michal
Mácha’s tale "Marinka", which came out as a part of his Obrazy ze života mého (Pictures from My Life, 1834), aroused an unexpectedly emphatic reception not in criticism, but in the Czech literature of the time. Apart from direct allusions (made by František Jaromír Rubeš and Jan Pravoslav Přibík) there are also prose writings which are indirectly yet more deeply for all that inspired by this tale (by Karel Sabina, Jan Jindřich Marek and others). We can observe the path followed by Mácha's inspirational impulse, and the results which he brought about. Intertextual analysis can supply us with new information about the reception of Mácha's text (and the poet himself) and at the same time it inevitably leads to attempts to identify and evaluate the intertextual transfer of individual literary motifs, topics, plot components etc., as a literary phenomenon characteristic not only of the post-Máchian period.
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