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Stressors causing on clients hospitalized in intensive care units and standard wards
ČERNÁ, Lenka
Hospitalization is usually relatively new experience for a client. In this respect much is changing not only in the client´s body, but also in his mind. That is why we are right to ask: {\clq}qWhat is going on in the mind of a client on coming into the hospital, what influences him here, what is the influence of hospitalization as such?`` Experience of a sick man is determined by a specific role of a man as a patient who is in the process of treatment. The key psychological symptom of a sick man is the limitation and dependence resulting from his illness and relevant therapy, expectations and the necessity to create new relations to the medical staff, his co-patients, from the manner and character of the chosen treatment process, course of the treatment itself and the type of illness. Behaviour of a sick man is also shaped by his fears. He is afraid of pain, negative bodily changes, social changes, isolation and also of the death. Fear can manifest itself in a variety of ways. As each man is an individual, the manifestations of fear which the man feels are unique and varied and the fear can turn into stress. For the purpose of this bachelor work having the purpose of ascertaining which individual stressors influence the clients during the hospitalization on standard wards and intensive care wards (JIP) we used quantitative research investigation, enquiry method {--} semi-structured interview. Research set was formed by 8 clients in orthopaedic, neurology, traumatology and cardiology departments, out of whom 4 were in standard wards and 4 in intensive care wards in České Budějovice. From the detailed results of the research it followed that during hospitalization the clients are influenced by a vast number of stressors which negatively influence their experience and adaptation to the hospital environment. In certain aspects clients of both wards agree on the types of stressors, in others their opinions differ completely. We can quote as an example of stressors: pain, lack of sleep, early morning rising, excessive noise, lack of information, dependence on other people, impossibility to hold important roles, fear of death and many others. However, it is very interesting that the clients admit that some of the stressors are caused by their own behaviour and they feel the necessity to change the same. The fact that one of most important recourses for the clients while coping with this situation is the medical staff and both their verbal and non-verbal expressions is a very positive finding.
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Ways of activation seniocitizens patients
HOFBAUEROVÁ, Lenka
Presently, the population in developed countries all around the world is growing old, and this trend is also apparent in our country. Society should therefore seek solutions to ensure that also people of higher age can live in a meaningful way and, in particular, that they are enabled to do so by their health. Therefore, the activation of hospitalized seniors should also be one of them. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with involutional changes in old age, the role of nursing and a nurse in the care of seniors, activities of seniors, and methods of activation focusing on motion exercises are described in conclusion. The task of the practical part was to find out whether nurses are well versed in the issues of activation, whether they activate seniors by themselves or provide co-operation in activating them, and whether they involve relatives of the patients in the activation process. At the end of the thesis, the results ensuing from the questionnaires evaluated and from the objectives of the thesis set in advance are stated.
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Pregnant women and their perception of nursing care provided by midwifes during their stays at the Department of Gynekology and Obstetrics.
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Alena
Hospitalisation is a very stressful moment in everyone?s life. It is even more stressful for a pregnant woman. Woman?s worries about her healthy pregnancy development and child?s life become even greater at such time. Pregnant women are more sensitive and receptive to people and environment that surround them. Out of all medical staff, midwives spend the largest portion of time with pregnant women. Midwives utilize not only their nursing skills while providing nursing care to their clients, but also provide support and take care of clients? emotions. The theoretical part of the bachelor?s thesis at hand focuses on descriptions of physical and mental changes during pregnancy, and provides explanations of risk and pathological pregnancies. Subsequently, it provides information on psychosomatics during pregnancy, indications for hospitalisation during gravidity, and nursing care during the stay of a pregnant woman in hospital. This thesis identified two objectives. The first objective was to find out how hospitalised pregnant clients perceive the nursing care provided by midwives. The second objective was to observe whether the pregnant clients trust the medical staff. Based on these two objectives, five research questions were developed. Information needed for data processing and meeting the objectives was gathered by qualitative research using the technique of interview that was held with nine pregnant women. The data were collected in three different hospitals: a regional hospital, a district hospital (both in the South Bohemian Region), and a university hospital in Prague. Research corpus comprised of nine pregnant women that had been hospitalised with risk pregnancies at the department of gynecology for a period longer than 10 days. The research was carried out on the basis of the two defined objectives and five research questions. Both of the identified objectives have been met. The clients assess the nursing care provided by midwives positively and they trust the medical staff. The research questions were answered in full and necessary information was retrieved. The interviewed respondents would most preferably welcome antenatal courses held during their hospitalisations; more information given during their treatment process; and better quality communication with the medical staff. The author would welcome the idea that this thesis helps the other medical staff in better understanding of emotions, feelings and perceptions experienced by hospitalised pregnant women, which may in result help diminish some of the negative effects observed while staying in hospital.
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The attitude of nurses to hospitalized children from the point of the view of their dependets
CÍZLEROVÁ, Barbora
Lack of time, lack of staff, unwillingness of nurses, poor communication and cooperation of nurses with family members, and non-satisfaction of a child{\crq}s needs are the faults of nurses that affect their approach to the hospitalized children. These alarming facts are connected with hospitalization of children and, as a matter of course, influence the way a child feels in hospital, the way the parents look on hospitalization of their child, and the way the parents of a child regard the approach of nurses to their children during hospitalization in hospital. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain an opinion of a family member about the nurses{\crq} approach to the hospitalized children, and whether family members approve or disapprove the nurses{\crq} approach. The objective of the thesis has been attained. Three hypotheses were raised in the thesis. The first hypothesis ascertained whether a family member hospitalized with a child is more satisfied with the nurses{\crq} approach than a family member not hospitalized with a child. This was the sole hypothesis that has not been confirmed. The second hypothesis was to confirm that family members were informed about the nursing care of the hospitalized child. This hypothesis has been confirmed and revealed that despite occurrence of communication and awareness faults the parents often show initiative so they have the information they want to know and they need. The third hypothesis was to verify whether family members of a child were satisfied with the nurses{\crq} approach to the hospitalized child. The last hypothesis has also been confirmed. The data for the research were collected by means of a quantitative research. Family members were provided with anonymous questionnaires. The research set were family members of children hospitalized in hospitals Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s., Nemocnice Tábor, a.s. and in one of the hospitals in the capital city of Prague in the period from February to March 2010. This bachelor thesis could make nurses think and try to remedy the faults occurring in their approach to the hospitalized children. Together with the questionnaire focused on satisfaction with the nursing care, used by individual child wards for feedback purposes, the thesis may be used to identify deficiencies and faults and to facilitate their remedy.
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Nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases
HEČKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the problems of nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases. Diarrhoea ranks the second most common disease in children and is often the reason for hospitalization because of its serious complications. Apart from the basis disease, admission to hospital represents a huge psychical stress for both a child and a family. Handling the situation depends also on the nursing personnel in a large extent. In the theoretical part you can find the division and specification of the most common causes, symptoms and basic treatment of diarrhoea. The theory is followed by the most common nursing problems developed during the nursing of children with diarrhoreal diseases. They include dehydration, pain, disrupted dermatic integrity, hyperthermia, loss of appetite, fear and anxiety. The possible causes of the occurence of nursing problems and their following solution are practically explained there. In the empirical part we dealt with the question if the presence of company leads to the hospitalization time shortening. For this purpose ten nursing records were noted. In five records the attention is paid to children hospitalized with the company of parents and further, five records of children hospitalized without the company of a close person are taken. After the analysis of the nursing records the following hypothesis resulted. Hypothesis 1: Permanent care to the limit of two nurses positively influences the adaptation of a child. Hypothesis 2: Presence of a company in a handicapped child leads to the hospitalization time shortening. Hypothesis 3: Nurses can influence the experience of children for their lifetime by their nursing. The nursing also includes the assesment and solution of nursing diagnoses. From the analysis of nursing documentation of hospitalized children (to the age of ten), the most common nursing diagnoses occuring in children with diarrhoeal diseases resulted. The presupposed hypothesis that the most often stated nursing diagnosis is the shotage of body fluids was proved. This result includes the fact that the need of fluids in babies and toddlers is considerably higher than in children and adults. Finally, it is possible to say that the results of the thesis advert to nursing problems which are solved during the care of children with diarrhoeal diseases. They can also help nurses realize the mistakes they make during the nursing of children with diarrhoeal diseases and improve the quality of nursing these children.
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Unemployment and its impact on number of elective surgeries at surgery department
HÁLOVÁ, Magdaléna
SUMMARY A surgery ward is one of the crucial departments in the České Budějovice Hospital. It provides a highly specialized care not only to patients from the district of České Budějovice, but also to people from the whole South-Bohemian region. Nearly 4,000 patients are treated in this ward every year. In my work I focused on a group of people who are able to work, but at the time of hospitalization they had no job and were registered in the employment agency and they came to the surgical ward for optional surgeries. The reasons why they did so could be as follows: they either neglected the care of their health due to a large amount of tasks at work, or they postponed the surgery since they were worried that they could lose their job due to a long sick leave. The objective of the work was to identify the influence of employment on decisions of clients to undergo surgeries. Questionnaires were used to gather data; they were distributed to patients hospitalized in the surgical ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. (the České Budějovice Hospital). The hypothesis which assumed that people registered in the employment agency for a short time have more surgeries than people registered in the employment agency for a long time was confirmed in the degree work. The second hypothesis assuming that people registered in the employment agency have more optional surgeries than employed people was confirmed as well. The third hypothesis where I assumed that the fees charged for hospital stays would influence the length of hospitalization of unemployed people was not confirmed since political changes resulted in the conclusion of a donation agreement between Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. and the South-Bohemian region; the agreement enables people to take advantage of the South-Bohemian region{\crq}s donation to cover the hospital fees starting from 1 February 2009. The results of my work could be used as arguments in solving the unemployment policy.
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Injuries like an all-society problem
DRAHOŇOVSKÁ, Kateřina
The Paper´s objektive has been met. The survey showed that accidants with permanent health consequences happen mostly at home and the most inclined to suffer injurie are people in the age of 18 to 39. The survey results proved that people having favorable family backround Berger put up with the injury consequences.
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Issues associated with hospitalization of children with parents staying with them
ŽÁKOVÁ, Lucie
I chose the topic of my thesis-the problems of child´s hospitalization with parents at children´s ward, because ill children and in hospital should not stay alone. The care should be focused on their psychic and also on their parents who are afraid and worried about their child. In the theoretical part of my work the branch paediatrics is mentioned first, followed partly by history of children medicine and nursing. Contemporary system of children´s care is described and developmental periods of children are mentioned in short. Then concepts like health, illness, coping with illness in different age periods continue. Further chapters are devoted to the family of ill child, preparation for hospitalization and nursing process in child at the ward. Practical part is focused on parent´s and nurses´ opinion on the problems, their opinions whether they prefer hospitalization together with parent or just short-time visits of a child who is hospitalized. The data were investigated with the help of two kinds of questionnaires. The first one was established for nurses working at the ward, the other one was for parents or company of hospitalized children. It was found out that Hypothesis I:{\crqq}Parents prefer hospitalization with the child{\crqq} was confirmed. But Hypothesis II:``Nurses prefer in child´s hospitalization just short visits of parents{\crqq} was not confirmed because nurses prefer common hospitalization of parents and their children to short-time visits. The results of this thesis can be used both by children stations and other people who are interested in the problems.
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Observing the Charter of rights of children patients in hospital
ROKOSOVÁ, Lenka
My thesis deals with protection of children´s rights in the hospital in Pelhrimov. It raises the issue of hospitalized children, their physical, emotional and social needs. The objective was to find out if the child-patient´s demands are met in the therapeutic process on the part of the small patients themselves as well as their parents. The theoretical part of my thesis gives basic information on the children´s ward in the hospital in Pelhrimov, discusses the aspects of the Charter and mentions the history of children´s rights. In the practical part of the thesis the following targets were set: to examine if persons accompanying children in hospital are given enough information on the Charter of Children´s Rights; if the Charter is posted up for public inspection at all the children wards in the hospital in Pelhrimov; if the rights are fulfilled.Five hypotheses were suggested: 1/ The persons accompanying child patients to hospital are made familiar with the Charter of Children´s Rights at admission to hospital. 2/ An entry is put into the medical record to document that the child´s accompanying person was acquainted with the Charter. 3/ The Charter is posted up for public inspection conspicuously. 4/ In the opinion of persons accompanying the child in hospital the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. 5/ In the opinion of nurses the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. The research was conducted by the quantitative method of a questionnaire.The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives were achieved. The management of the hospital in Pelhrimov will be provided with these results to benefit from them at the accredit proceedings.
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Problems of Bulimia Nervosa
POMYJOVÁ, Daniela
The work deals with the problem of mental bulimia and its description. It is worked out in a theoretical way. There are disease definitions and its possible causes. It characterizes concomitant symptoms, it explains the development and potential effects of mental bulimia. Furthermore it focuses on might-be complications and it suggests potential treatment. It also describes therapies and work with affected ones. The work describes in detail the treatment which uses cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT belongs among the most effective therapies and it is a highly developed method. It is a therapy used with food intake failures, specifically with mental bulimia in this work. The treatment is also about a high quality and professional help. The result depends on three crucial facts {--} patient´s attitude to CBT, effort to return to the reality of daily life and ensuring of individual social functioning.
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