|
|
Dopad trestní minulosti na pracovní vyhlídky: Field experiment
Onuferová, Michaela ; Dušek, Libor (advisor) ; Peľak, Branislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the problematics of statistically discriminating the previously incarcerated during the process of getting a job. Since the imprisonment trend has been increasing in the Czech Republic since 1993, this topic is highly relevant. The effect of previous incarceration or the criminal record in general has been studied by many economist and with the use of many methods; however, to my knowledge, no similar experiment has been used in the Czech Republic in this context. The thesis was based on an experiment - responding to the actual job advertisements offering low-qualified positions with four pairs of fictitious résumés aiming at the data collection and proving the possible statistical discrimination of the previously incarcerated on the labor market. Using the chi-square test of independence, the discriminating approach was confirmed as statistically significant. The survey is complemented by a questionnaire aimed at the recruiters responsible for filling the low-qualified jobs and apart from the question of imprisonment of the job applicants, the wider concept of criminal record in general is also taken into account.
|
|
|
Reproduction of \kur{Achillea millefolium} agg. and \kur{Achillea ptarmica} in meadows and verges
TOMŠOVÁ, Pavla
Several changes in land use during the last 50 years of 20th century had a significant impact on the composition of traditional meadows. The abundance of many plant species typical for traditionally managed meadows has declined. But some of these species have found a refuge in habitats such as field margins and road verges. The aim of this study was to describe how the reproduction success of two related Achillea species A. millefolium agg. and A. ptarmica depends on (i) the particular habitat in which they grow (meadow/verge); (ii) the abundance of pollinators in the study site; and (iii) timing of flowering within the season. Moreover, the longevity of individual flowers of the two taxa has been studied in order assess the width of the time frame the reproduction takes place in. These objectives were achieved by means of measuring plant total seed production and germination as proxies of reproductive success both in meadow and verge populations at the beginning, peak and end of the flowering season of the two species in 2012. The plants were chosen at plots, where concurrently a pollinator survey has been conducted as the part of the broader project. The durations of the male and female phases of individual flowers have been studied in separate experiments.
|
|
|
Atopic eczema in children's health and social impact
PÁLKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis deals with atopic eczema in children and its health and social impact. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is focused on explaining the basic concepts in dermatology, presenting the anatomy and physiology of skin and its specific qualities in childhood, defining the atopic eczema and outlining its etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment and nursing care as well as health and social impacts of eczema. The practical part of the thesis set up three goals. The first objective was to determine the impact of the disease on children and their families. The second objective of the research was to determine the role of a nurse in the treatment of children with atopic eczema. The third objective was to create an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research based on two semistructured interviews was carried out. The first of the two interviews was conducted with mothers of sick children. The research group consisted of ten mothers, five from Prague and five from České Budějovice. The second interview was performed with nurses in GP surgeries for children and adolescents and in surgeries of dermatologists and allergists. The second research group consisted of eight nurses, four of which worked in GP surgeries for children and adolescents, two with dermatologists and two with allergists. Nurses, as well as mothers, came from Prague and České Budějovice. Attention was paid to problems that mothers and children find the most annoying. Small children under four years of age are most bothered by the itching and pain; part of these children also dislike daily skin care. Children from five years up are upset about insufficient contact with their peers and limitations in performing their activities of interest. They have to make sure they do not swear while enjoying their hobbies and their skin must not come into contact with irritants. Their mothers suffer from the unpredictability of the disease and from not knowing whether the eczema will ever disappear. They also fear that the eczema might get worse. The medical complications related to atopic eczema include Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, warts, Molluscum contagiosum and herpes in eczema-affected areas. Other complications include itching, pain, sleep disorders in the mother and child, subsequent fatigue, impaired performance at school and/or work. Generally, children and mothers have positive relationships with others, yet sometimes the have to face curious looks. Mothers tend to spend less time with their partners than they would desire. As for nurses, it was found out that the primary role in patients? education is played by doctors, whereas nurses, in addition to performing their administrative duties, provide additional information and educational materials and respond to parents? practical questions. The research results may serve mainly to parents and their children with atopic eczema as a source of information about the problems they might encounter, helping them to address such problems. The output of the thesis will be an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema.
|
|
|
Obesity as a stigma
SEKERKOVÁ, Tereza
The work is focused on the perception of obesity as a stigma. Obesity is a disease which characterizes the multiplication of body fat. It is accompanied by a series of somatic and psychic health risks. In connection with associated disease, the morbidity and mortality increase and rank among the second place of the most frequent causes of premature death. The word stigma refers to the person which is negatively distinguished in society. Obese man is exposed to predjudices and is stigmatized. He becomes the target of negative attacks at school, in employment, in personal life and also in broad society. Company looks at the obese individuals as stupid and lazy. In relation to the given issues, two objectives in work were determined. The first aim was to ascertain whether the patients suffering from obesity are stigmatized. The second objective was focused on the attitudes of general nurses to the obese patients. Further, there were four research issues. The first research issue was focused on the issues in partnership life by obese patients. The second research issue inquires whether it comes to the social isolation by the patients with obesity. The third research issue ascertained whether the nurses consider obesity the worsening factor during providing the nursing care. The fourth research issue concerned the negative attitudes of nurses to the obese patients. These research issues were all answered and consequence of it was that the obese patients face stigmatization in different directions and the attitudes of general nurses to the obese patients are negative. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is the theoretical part. The second part is the practical part which was processed by means of qualitative research investigations which were performed using the semi-structured interview. The interviews were then remade to case histories. They were run by seven nurses from the inpatient ward and with ten obese women. The interesting facts were found out on the basis of the processing of practical parts. It was revealed that the body weight by obese individuals is stigmatizing for them and they face number of obstacles. Obese individuals are exposed to social isolation. They do not like visiting the society and avoid larger number of people. They have difficulties in partner relationships, sometimes also in employment. Towards the fact that the obese individuals could be socially excluded or stigmatized bends also the majority of respondents of nurses, but during the provision of nursing care to obese individuals they do not occupy themselves with this problem. Personal attitudes of general nurses to obese patients are negative and it also follows from the responses of patient respondents. Therefore, the nursing diagnosis ?social isolation" was processed which could help to nurses in practice and their obese patients in the solution of this problem.
|
|
|
The view of educated people on persons with mental retardation in Pisek
SOCHOROVÁ, Zuzana
In my theses I try to address the attitude of the citizens from southbohemian town Pisek to persons with a mental retardation. The theoratical part is describing the mental retardation, its causes, specialities and presence. It further describes the upbringing of children with a mental disabilities, their education and socialization. It gives the reasons for the origin of the attitudes and prejudice to others and in the project part is stating what is the attitude of the citizens of Pisek towards people with mental retardation. Whether the perception of mentally retarder persons by educated people from Pisek is positive or negative and if it is influenced by their education. I am surveying the situation of organizations in Pisek which are focused on this particular kind of diability and support the integration and higher quality of life of an individual with mental disorder.
|
|
|
Psychopathological symptoms of psychosis - schizophrenia
SAHAJOVÁ, Ludmila
The work deals with the lives of people with mental illness - schizophrenia and opportunities that contribute to improving or maintaining their current health status. The theoretical part includes the characteristics of psychotic illness, legal protection of patients, possible treatment and aftercare. The practical part describes and compares three selected services or facilities. This is the Horizon Zlín, therapeutic workshops Kotva Strážnice and day service center Uherské Hradiště - Jarošov. It also includes assessment of the importance of individual therapeutic activities with clients focusing on the reduction of recurrent symptoms of schizophrenia and pointing out the importance of aftercare services and improving the facilities that this follow-up care for people with schizophrenic disorders are provided. A major benefit would be the establishment of other centers, care centers and therapeutic workshops offering services already mentioned, which would benefit not only for patients, their families, but also for the general public.
|
|
|
Colostomy as a stigma in clients at their productive age and the role of a nurse in co-operation with these clients
GASNÁRKOVÁ, Dagmar
I chose ``Colostomy as a stigma in clients in their productive age and the task of the nurse in cooperation with these clients{\crqq} as the topic of my bachelor thesis for several reasons. On the one hand, I think that colostomy is talked about a lot all the time, but if really want to obtain any literature, very little is available. And a large number of colostomy patients call for more sources of information. And on the other hand, I find this topic close for personal reasons: there are colostomy patients in my own family and among my close friends. Whether they have colostomy after a tumorous disease during Crohn disease, they still suffer from very similar problems that lead to a certain stigmatization that they both consciously and unconsciously bring into their mind. This is why this topic occurred to me. It is necessary to survey what stigma is, colostomy patients{\crq} opinion of stigma and the way nurses view stigma. In my opinion, this is an unusual combination of two problems that are widely discussed, yet neither dealt with nor described in any way. At the present time, which is a time of mass media and stress, an individual person could hardly think that he or she does not know certain aspects of life that a certain percentage of the population meets with, and in many a case does not even know about this question. People think and believe that they are prepared for everything, that they are balanced and can deal with all problems. When, however, a problem touches their health, it is often an aspect that they do not even think about very much and consider it as a natural part of their everyday life, they start to be literally helpless and anxious, and this escalates depending on how large an interference in their health it is. If you say the term stomy, a lot of people hesitate and have no idea what it could be. It is of course no rule but we have to get aware of the thing that a large part of the population deal with this problem. It is therefore important to conduct education and to pay attention to the information of the broad population, while placing emphasis on understanding stomy patients{\crq} everyday troubles. The term stigma, as I have found out to my surprise, is a completely unknown notion. This is despite the fact that stigma and stigmatising factors may occur in a broader range of diseases than the stomy mentioned. The objective of the thesis is then to shed light on the terms of stigma a colostomy. And to find out the most frequent stigmatising factors in this disease and to find a solution to this problem.
|
|
|
The HIV/AIDS problem in Zambia
LUBASI, Sundano Kutoma
ABSTRACT THE HIV/AIDS PROBLEM IN ZAMBIA HIV/AIDS is a global health problem, however it is much more of a bigger problem for third world and developing countries, including Zambia which currently has an HIV/AIDS prevalence rate of 14.3%. From the mid 1980s when the first case of HIV/AIDS was discovered, there has been a rapid increase in the number of reported cases of HIV/AIDS over the years. In Zambia, the issue of mother to child transmission of the HIV virus is still a matter of great concern, there is still quite a number of children that are being born from HIV positive mothers. The death rate due to AIDS and HIV/ AIDS related infections especially among the young people is also worrying. This has consequently led to a reduction in the number of the country's productive age group, which in turn has contributed to the weakening of productivity and economic development. The main aim of my thesis was monitoring the problem of HIV/AIDS in Zambia, other accompanying aims were to find out what measures have been put in place to ensure that the citizens are well informed about HIV/AIDS, to analyze the preventive measures that have been implemented and how effective they have been, and finally, to find out the trend in the HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the period 1999 ? 2009. I used qualitative type of research, in which I used secondary analysis of data from various sources of information like books, various publications and reports from a wide range of organizations both governmental and non - governmental organizations that have done various kinds of research on the topic of HIV/ AIDS in Zambia. I also used information from health surveillance findings that were carried out in the recent years. According to the results of my research, the various preventive programmes that have been implemented to ensure a reduction in the spread of HIV/AIDS have been effective. Notable among the preventive programmes is the establishment health services aimed at preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS from mother to child , free provision of antiretroviral therapy, the increase in the number of voluntary counseling and testing centers, free distribution of condoms, screening of blood and blood products before transfusion as well as massive health education campaigns. These preventive measures have been effective as can be seen from the reduction in the HIV/AIDS prevalence rates from the previous 16% according to the 2001- 2002 demographic and health survey to the current 14.3% according to the 2007 health survey. This work can be used as a source of reference for future research in relation to the problem of HIV/AIDS in Zambia.
|
|
|
Public Opinion on Methods of Treatment Used at Psychiatric Wards
FILLEROVÁ, Markéta
The thesis deals with up-to-date subject of medical treatment of mental disorders. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part involves explanation of terms such as mental health, mental disorder and also includes classification of mental disorders. There are chapters devoted to mental illness as a social problem, to stigmatization and to the legal issue of people affected with mental illness in the thesis. History of psychiatric treatment and its development are briefly mentioned here and also some important methods used to treat the mentally ill at present. The empirical part is devoted to a quantitative research by means of a questionnaire inquiry. The main objective of the survey was to find out, what is the public opinion on methods of medical treatment applied at psychiatric wards. In this part the obtained data are analyzed and the hypotheses are checked. Evaluation of most of the questions is demonstrated graphically. The conclusion of the thesis involves my opinion on this issue and summary of the research results.
|
|
|
Child with specific learning disabilities in the family.
HUBKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor thesis monitors the family contexts of specific learning disabilities (SLD). The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issue of SLD: kinds, symptoms and their effect on child{\crq}s development and socialization. Attention is also paid to the family and its function and its role in the context of the issue of SLD. Parental support and help are very time-consuming and very psychologically demanding and the whole family must cope with the situation. Both children and their parents need help and support in some periods. To know the answer to the following question is necessary for an adequate assistance provision: Which troubles do children and parents perceive as the most encumbering ones? My research should have given the answer to the question. The qualitative investigation in the design of entrenched theory was used for my research, which was done via semi-structured interviews. Those talks were held in six families and in each family were interviewed just one parent-in-charge and one adolescent. The depth of received information, revealed details and respondents{\crq} stories helped me understand the scope of the problem and guess the most encumbering topics. The interviews provided crucial information about lives of children affected by learning disabilities and their families; they also disclosed the fact that there are still prejudices and negative attitudes against children with learning disabilities in our society. The prejudices stem from the lack of information; they predetermine attitudes of schoolmates and teachers and they can also affect attitudes of families. The research results also disclosed the fact that it is necessary to extend the scale of help offered to children and also to parents. The results could provide information for some improvements in work with children under consultancy care and with their families. Furthermore, the results could be a source of information for families with children with SLD as well as for the general public.
|
guest ::
