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Influence of land use on runoff phosphorus in the selected area
CIML, Jiří
The work focuses how land use on the selected location affects the amount of phosphorus in the watershed Jenínský potok. Defines the basic concepts of this and related issues. The monitored values are total phosphorus and phosphorus contained in phosphate ions and description of the measuring apparatus. The resulting data are arranged in tables and graphs and resultes are compare with standards CSN and other similar studies.
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Preparation of bases for modelation draining and carrying substances in SWAT model
HOMOLKA, Jan
This bachelor thesis is dealing with preparation bases for modelation draining and carrying materials in SWAT model. Thesis includes literature search about basis of SWAT model, SWAT development, preferences and imprefections of this model. It?s also going over various modelations and general division. Further describes necessary input data, their types and requirements without which would be impossible to complete this task. I?ve chosen Jenín stream basin located near village Jenín which is approximately three kilometers eastwards from Rožmberk upon Vltava . Thanks to the possibilities of todays internet my work was simplified and looking for quality, well available bases was easier.
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Evaluation of water quality and runoff characteristics in the Jenínský stream catchment.
KROPÁČEK, Robin
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate water quality and runoff characteristics in the Jenínský stream catchment. For this purpose analysis and data processing was performed. Two subcatchments, called J1 and J2, were monitored at this catchment area. Period of interest involves years 2008-2012. Results were compared with the period 1983-1985 when most of the land was used as arable land. The decrease in the concentrations of all evaluated indicators was caused by grassing and reduction in the use of fertilisers. Ranges of the values of selected indicators also decreased distinctly and their concentrations are stabilized. The greatest decrease of 79% (J1) and 87% (J2) was found in average ammonium concentrations. A beneficial effect of land use change to extensive agricultural management on water quality was proven.
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Methods of the separation of the base flow and trends of nitrogen concentrations in this base flow
MAIEROVÁ, Monika
This Bachelor thesis is aimed to clarify the hydrological cycle, hydrological balance, groundwater hydrology, the selected basic baseflow separation methods of comparing them and last but not least, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen in groundwater. In the work there is also closely analyzed the total, surface and subsurface outflow and the detailed division. The methods of the groundwater baseflow separation are described with regard to content of nitrogen compounds., which currently create the most common type of pollution of groundwater used as drinking sources.
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Influence of land use on runoff components
CIML, Jiří
The constant movement of water is known as the hydrological cycle. The main power of this gigantic, phenomenal and continuous cycle is solar energy. Its effect is the evaporation of water from the ground. The dominant role is played by the oceans again as their surface evaporates five as much water as the land surface. After a short delay, most of the evaporated water returns into the ocean in the form of precipitation. This cycle is called the small hydrological cycle. The main components of the hydrological balance in relation to the amount of precipitation fallen as follows: Evaporation, soil moisture and groundwater sources (71.2%) Surface runoff (28.8%) Surface water As defined by Surface water law No. 254/2001, surface water is water naturally occurring in the Earth's surface. It does not lose this characteristics if they flow through temporarily covered stretches, natural cavities in the ground or in the overhead lines. Subsurface water Subsurface water, as a part of the hydrosphere which is below ground, is essential for plant life and is the main source of drinking water. They are used for the purposes of healthcare, industry, agriculture, etc. The occurrence of subsurface water, its movement and quality are contingent on the environment in which they are located. They arise mainly from infiltration of surface water below the surface and classified according to various criteria. The most frequently in accordance with - state, origin, mobility, bonding, depth of occurrence, etc. Groundwater As defined by Groundwater law No. 254/2001, groundwaters are water naturally occurring under the surface in the saturation zone and in direct contact with rocks. The water flowing through drainage systems and water wells is also considered groundwater. Runoff The hydrological concept tells us how much water is drained over a specified period of our catchment area. Factors that tell us that there will be a runoff are soil saturation and soil surface saturation due to an increased precipitation. It can also be a snow blanket with which the snow mass and composition (water content) would play their role. Runoff components Runoff is part of the hydrological balance and is divided into several components. 1. Overland flow 2. Subsurface flow 3. Groundwater flow Overland flow It is largest in deforested and urbanized areas. Subsurface flow It is largest in karst areas and naturally forested watersheds. Groundwater flow It is largest in naturally forested areas and steep watersheds. Genesis 1. Direct flow 2. Base flow Factors affecting runoff: Relief: appearance, slope, topography and terrain, orientation, exposure Physical geographical conditions: drainage basin area, basin shape Geological and hydrological conditions: porosity, subsoil Pedological properties: soil conditions, physical properties Land cover (Vegetation cover) Climate: precipitation, extreme precipitation, infiltration of rainwater Methods of separation: Kliner - Kněžek method Analysis of subsidence branches Digital filters Separation according to radioactivity CN Curve Land use: Arable land (Agriculture land) Pasture, meadow, grassland (TTP) Forests Urban, road network
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