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Euthanasia in a film - an analysis of selected pieces
HRUBÁ, Ludmila
The diploma thesis titled Euthanasia in the film an analysis of selected pieces, is divided into theoretical and practical parts. I devoted to a description of a current state of euthanasia in the theoretical part. First I focused on definitions of euthanasia, assisted suicide etc. A chapter is also devoted to a history of euthanasia. I wanted to highlight the fact, that euthanasia is not only a problem of the modern society, but beginnings of a discussion about euthanasia we could find already in the ancient world. Through the concept of euthanasia in the Middle Ages and modern times I got up to the World War II, which is in my opinion an important milestone in the history of euthanasia, because at that time euthanasia was perceived as a tool for a disposal of persons who, in the context of its time, seemed to be undesirable. Among such people there were classified for example people so called racially unsuitable, weak and sick. Because there are legally different views of euthanasia, in chapters I mention the fact how euthanasia is perceived in the world. In terms of acceptance of euthanasia and assisted suicide I particularly emphasize the Netherlands and Switzerland. One chapter I also dedicate to euthanasia in the Czech Republic. It includes a description of the discussion and arguments for and against euthanasia. One more separate chapter I devoted to questions whether to legalize or not to legalize euthanasia. I found out that a discussion on this topic is very extensive and here could be applied the rule that each man has his own opinion. It turned out that even experts in one area, doctors of philosophers, are not unanimous in the issue of euthanasia and its pros and cons are from both sides argued with plenty of arguments that are worth thinking about. A separate chapter I devoted to a man, who I consider to be the main promoter of euthanasia and assisted suicide and if you pronounce his name, people would link him with that theme. This is Dr. Jack Kevorkian, nicknamed Dr. Death. Jack Kevorkian, who understood his acts as medical services for terminally ill people, helped with the voluntary termination of life to several hundred of people. Although he had written certain "rules" about the situations when he can people "help" to solve their suffering and pain, it turned out that those people in many cases had no anatomical evidence of disease in their body. Jack Kevorkian has had and even currently has many supporters and opponents. In case of Jack Kevorkian there are arguments for and against euthanasia as in the whole debate about it. The aim of the study was to analyse how the topic of euthanasia has been reflected in the film production. At the beginning of the research I have asked this research question: Which are usual attitudes to euthanasia reflected in filmmaking? In order to find out the given objective and to answer the research question I chose a qualitative research based on the method of disinterested observation of six selected movie titles. Titles in their alphabetical order were following: Doktor smrt (You Don´t Know Jack, USA, 2010, 134 min), Hlas moře (Mar adentro, Španělsko/Francie/Itálie, 2004, 125 min), Hodinu nevíš, Česko, 2009, 94 min), Invaze barbarů (Invasion barbares, Kanada/Fancie, 2003, 99 min), Millon Dollar Baby, (USA, 2004, 132 min) a Skafandr a motýl (Le Scaphandre et le papillon, Francie/USA, 2007, 107 min).
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Euthanasia in Europe since the World War II. to the present
PTÁČKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of the thesis is to describe the historical development of society opinion on euthanasia including comparison of euthanasia during the 2nd World War and the present. Introduction of the thesis focuses on definition of terms associated with euthanasia and assisted suicide. It also describes the influence of racist theories which in the era of National Socialism ultimately resulted to genocide. The thesis also deals with terms such as racial hygiene, palliative care and the emergence of eugenics as a means to ensure suitable and healthy genotype. Influence of psychiatry as a scientific discipline, which was in the beginning of the euthanasia evolution, is also important. The main part of the thesis is to describe the creation and implementation cases of euthanasia in Nazi Germany, including its ideological context. Next part contains description of the development of society as a whole discussion of euthanasia in the post-war years until the first cases of assisted suicide was revealed in the United States in the 80s. The thesis tries to describe in detail the developments of legalization of euthanasia, including the latest information, such as the chapter on the Swiss clinic Dignitas assisted suicide. This work tries to answer the question whether there is no theory of evolution called slippery slope in comparison of social attitudes to euthanasia at the time of Nazism and presents. This could be mainly due to a decline of moral values of society, which results to people behaviour that can be once viewed as a purpose of negotiation on euthanasia. In conclusion there are results of comparison of possible scenarios, including further development of euthanasia.
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Euthanasia in the Czech Republic and Switzerland
CHERLOTTE, Petra
The thesis deals with euthanasia in the Czech Republic and in Switzerland. It analyses the health system in these countries and the quality of palliative care there. It concerns with the Act on Public Services and focuses on euthanasia from the Czech legislative point of view. Next, the thesis deals with the issue of assisted suicide and its legislation in Switzerland and with the activities of organisations Exit and Dignitas, where the assisted suicide is carried out. It characterises Swiss health models and schemes and compares palliative care. An important role is played by ambulatory service provider Spitex specialized in home care. The conclusion of the thesis is the comparison of Czech and Swiss systems.
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The Question of Need of Thanatopedagogy
ŠÍMOVÁ, Jana
The Thesis deals with the question of the need for thanatopedagogy. The aim of the Thesis is to construct a possible new field of study, to define it, and to examine its content. The focus of the Thesis is on the interconnection between pedagogy and thanatology and is theoretical only. The first chapter is devoted to the science of thanathology, that is the process of death and dying. It contains general information about this science, and also addresses the benefit of thanatology to mankind. The second part focuses on pedagogy, whilst addressing the interdependence of pedagogy and thanatology. From these theoretical foundations the new discipline of thanatopedagogy will develop.
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The death and the dying in a view of a worker in a direct care in a small establishment for seniors
TEJKALOVÁ, Blanka
This work deals with improving the provision of palliative care in institutions such as social residential facility, the factors that affect the provision of palliative care. All this from the perspective of direct care staff employed at this facility. Installations center Blanka Diakonie ČCE in town Písek, which provides its clients with comprehensive quality social services. This quality is due to the employees who perform their job with love and tend to their services increasingly improved.
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Dying process and needs of dying persons.
SMILKOVÁ, Božena
The thesis studies the process of dying with a special focus on the needs of dying persons, aiming to provide a complete outline of typical needs. The first section compares and contrasts the process of dying in the past and the present, identifies the stages of the dying process and addresses the psychological issues of hope and human dignity. The next section clearly outlines the needs of dying persons, in particular it discusses the issues of pain management, conversations about truth, accompanying a dying person and understanding the meaning of life and suffering. In order to see how these needs are met, the thesis looks at hospice care, in comparison to euthanasia requested by the ill person.
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Bioethic in the public discourse
ŠIMKOVÁ, Petra
From time to time there comes to a stirring up of a society-wide discussion on bioethical issues ? abortion, prenatal diagnosis, assisted reproduction and euthanasia in the Czech Republic. This social discussion is largely influenced by media which present to us interesting news or a story, but it is necessary to realize that these topics have a much broader scope and potential impacts than it is served up to us by media. A wide range of debaters as well as professional and lay public regularly express to bioethical issues relating to the beginning and the end of life. For a fruitful discussion it is necessary to clearly define and specify concepts, because often there is a misguided discussion without any expected results. In the past there was no need to deal with such issues very much, because the order was in hands of Nature. Not completely healthy individuals failed to conceive a child, an unwanted foetus was carried to term and its sex was a surprise for parents and finally, people died naturally according to their age or after a lost match with a disease. For many people Nature, for others some Higher Order. Of course, an incredible scientific development enabled such miracles of which we would have not dreamt hundred years ago yet. We have gained many rights, freedom and democracy as well as a wide-ranging choice. Today we can decide whether to become pregnant and in the same way we can decide that we get rid of the full womb from different reasons. Using diagnostic methods we can determine what a child we carry bellow the heart, but with the help of the same technique it can become uncomfortable for us. We can be treated and live even a century and in many places we can lawfully decide that our life has no meaning and we can finish it. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map readers´ awareness of bioethical issues using a secondary analysis of printed documents from three chosen Czech dailies in 2000 ? 2010 years. To track what triggered a debate among the readers, who discussed and what stance adopted the readers on the issue. The secondary objective was also the mapping of all proponents´ and opponents´ arguments of selected topics and comparing the results with the professional literature. The research shows that the public debate was always sparked by an event presented by the media, to which subsequently responded readers from all areas. According to the research results the public awareness of bioethical issues has been formed mostly by experts directly involved in bioethical dilemmas or carrying out such a profession, in which bioethics greatly interferes. Readers of diverse composition participated in the discussion and the most represented group was a group of experts and a group of lay debaters.
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Human dignity in old age
PEKÁRKOVÁ, Lenka
The work is aimed on the concept of human dignity in terms of age. The first chapter is devoted to the basic definition of human dignity and human rights. I describe a certain views of human dignity and human rights. The second chapter is devoted to the perspectives of an age and changes in the old age, which are of great importance for the preservation of human dignity. An important part of an old age is a matter of dying, which is nowadays bound with a form of palliative care associated with the difficult ethical issue of euthanasia. The concluding part summarizes the problem of an old age that is not an easy life stage for everybody, and therefore it is important to try, in the term of the helping profession, to keep the human dignity of the old people if they do not meet it in their neighbourhood.
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