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Risks concerning malnutrition and obesity in the nursing process
HORČIČKOVÁ, Marie
The care for nutrition of patients is given more attention these days than before. Patients with malnutrition and obesity represent a huge nursing problem in internal and surgical fields. In this thesis we focused on nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity. The research was quantitative, for the data collection the anonymous questionnaires addressed to nurses were used. It was carried out in internal and surgical departments and departments of follow-up care in hospitals in Písek and Tábor. 120 questionnaires were distributed, in each hospital 60, to particular departments 20. 95 (100 %) questionnaires were used for the research. In the thesis seven objectives were stated. The objectives were focused on carrying out the nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity, the most frequent nursing problems in these patients and the awareness of nursing staff in the problems of malnutrition and obesity. Seven hypotheses linked to the objectives were stated. The research showed that nurses meet the clients with malnutrition and obesity in all mentioned departments. Most nurses consider the care for these patients very demanding. It is pleasant that the part of nursing documentation is nutritional screening, which is carried out during an admission of each client. Further the research showed that for these clients no valid nursing standard, which would improve nursing process, has been carried out yet. In clients with malnutrition the most frequent nursing problems are decubital ulcers and in clients with obesity sore spots. Information on the problems of malnutrition and obesity is gained at professional seminars and conferences. Nursing process in patients with malnutrition or obesity is demanding and it is necessary to have a sensitive and considerate approach. The results of the thesis will be used to make nursing staff acquainted with these problems.
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The Imaging in Cases of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
DUŠKOVÁ, Radka
This thesis deals with imaging in cases of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It mainly focuses on the diagnostic imaging using imaging modalities, such as skiagraphy,skiascopy, ultrasonography, computer telegraphy and magnetic resonance. The objective of this thesis was to determine the characteristic and specific qualities of various diagnostic procedures of a radiological assistant when imaging patients suffering from obesity and the metabolic syndrome, especially when a contrast medium is used during the treatment, and then to compare the diagnostic possibilities of imaging when different imaging modalities are used. The theoretical part describes obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with the special focus being done on their possible extent and resulting complications. Theimaging modalities do not image obesity and the metabolic syndrome as such, but deal with the diagnostics and the treatment of various illnesses caused by metabolic dysfunctions. The issue of diagnostic imaging is complicated by the differences in methods caused by the use or non-use of ionizing radiation. The increased risk of complications during the treatment of patients suffering from obesity and the metabolic syndrome can be caused by the use of a contrast medium, which is mostly used in diagnostic imaging and it is also sometimes used in therapeutic imaging, such the invasive treatment of the cardiovascular system. For this reason, this issue has also been dealt with in this thesis. The practical part contains an evaluation and a comparison of 100 questionnaires that have been filled in by randomly selected patients of the Radiological Department.The questionnaires were anonymous and those questions were created so as to determine the prevalence of obesity in the investigated sample, which would then provide information about the possible complications that can occur during an examination which have been caused by obesity and the metabolic syndrome. After completion of the questionnaire by these patients, I also participated in their examination and verified my presupposed hypothesis in practice. The results of the questionnaire research and the participation in the examination of respondents confirmed my hypothesis that imaging in obesity and the metabolic syndrome requires a special approach, especially when contrast mediums are used during the treatment. Attention has to be paid not only to the technical modifications of procedures in individual imaging modalities, but also to the specifications connected with organ polymorbidity and the related complicating pathological conditions. Since the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is increasing, it is very probable that we will meet patients suffering from this type of illness increasingly more often at the Radiological Department. This is another reason why the specificities of imaging patients suffering from these illnesses should be gradually implemented into regular radiological imaging procedures.
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Reduction over weight and obesity near children older school age Reduction with the Help of interventional Kinetic programme.
KOPTÍKOVÁ, Jana
The main part of my thesis I have been writing with the prevalence of the overweight and the obesity of the students in an older school age (pubescent age) at first and also with the possibilities of the reduction of these by means of the interventional active plan lasting 12 weeks (from September 2008 till December 2008). The anthropometering was accomplished and evaluated BMI, BIA, the girth and also thanks to the values gained by measuring with a caliper. Based on the research in which 200 students were involved, the students with a higher portion of fat were chosen. The experimental and control groups were created. Since September 2008 till December 2008 the experimental group was undergoing the interventional active plan. The plan was formatted to reduce an actual body weight and it was focused on an affection of the psychical and social parameters in a positive way. After the interventional active plan the obtained results were analyzed. Our plan could become an inspiration and a guidance for the organizations which are engaged in the overweight or the obesity troubles in the sphere of the development of the health.
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Obesity in the elderly: The health and social issues
KLÍMOVÁ, Alžběta
ABSTRACT The present bachelor thesis is entitled Health and Social Aspects of Obesity in the Elderly. Obesity is a serious chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increased fat percentage in body composition with a simultaneous increase of body mass beyond the normal range. Obesity needs to be seen both as a disease and as an important risk factor contributing to the development of a number of other conditions. The results of extensive studies have clearly demonstrated an increase in the number of people affected by overweight or obesity on a worldwide scale. The rising population prevalence and incidence of obesity prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997 to declare obesity a worldwide epidemic. The elderly constitute a high-risk group in terms of obesity development. The body{\crq}s reduced energy requirements on the one hand and the deeply entrenched poor dietary habits with an excess of low-quality foods coupled with reduced physical activity on the other hand necessarily lead to overweight and obesity. This serious chronic disease requires a comprehensive, individual-focused diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The main and irreplaceable role in combating obesity is played by prevention, which should become a society-wide task. This bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical section explains concepts related to the thesis topic, i.e.: obesity definition, obesity prevalence, causes of obesity development, effects of obesity, diagnostics in obesity medicine, treatment of obesity and obesity prevention. It also describes the issue of obesity in the elderly. The aim of the thesis was to ascertain attitudes within the elderly population towards the issue of obesity, as well as assess their level of interest in health and healthy lifestyles and whether they know and follow the current trends in healthy nutrition. Another goal was to examine their willingness to get actively involved in lifestyle change, thus assuming responsibility for their state of health. For the purposes of research the thesis used a quantitative research technique. Questioning was chosen as a method, the resulting technique used being a questionnaire. The practical part of the bachelor thesis closes with an analysis including an evaluation of results. The research results show that the elderly do not regard obesity as a substantial health problem. In my opinion, the stated aim of the thesis has been achieved.
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Methodology of reducing overweight and obesity by the older school aged children.
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor{\crq}s work is concerned with the methodology of reducing the overweight and the obesity by the older school aged children in ZŠ Lišov by help of the interventional motion program. In the first section of the theoretic part of this work is defined the term of the older school aged children, cleared up the basic characteristic of the pubescence and described the physiological evolution and the psychological aspects by these individuals. In the second section of the theoretic part is the attention paid to the prevention and characteristics of the overweight and obesity by the older school aged children, described the causes and the consequences of the obesity and also the prevention possibility. The practical part consists in the set up and the realization of the interventional motion program and the statistics evaluation of the effects of this program in practice.
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Physiological aspect walking and Nordic walking as adequate kinetic activities.
BENEŠ, Václav
This bachelor thesis on the topic of The Physiological Aspect of Walking and Nordic Walking as an adequate physical activity focuses on chosen physiological changes of an organism during a five-month training cycle. In the theoretical part I describe the physiological changes of organism during a regularly repeated strain, and also the technique of walking, Nordic walking and health benefits of these activities are defined here. The research part of the thesis describes the measurement methods the results of the measurements and the total evaluation of the recorded results.
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Use of Fitness Centres in Weight Reduction of Adolescents.
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Jaroslava
This work is engaged in prevalence of overweight and obesity of adolescents 11-15 years of age and in possibilities of reducing their weight by means of interventional active programme, modification their eating habbits and change of their actual life style. To the evaluation of overweighted or obese adolescents I have come by help of BMI values and anthropometric callipers measurements of skinfold thickness. By these methods I have detected a percentage body fat rate. Five male participants were taking part of this research, everybody of these went through the interventional active programme. Both active programme and measurements were passing over from October to December 2008.
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Obesity at immobile patients - the factor affecting the quality of nursing care
NAGYOVÁ, Věra
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in an alarming rate not only in developed countries, but in developing countries in the last time, too. The high prevalence of obesity in some of the developing countries is connected with the economic development which currently reached the acceptance of western lifestyle including eating habits and automobilization. Obesity has nowadays became a serious problem in countries, where had hardly occurred before that time. In the beginning of the theoretical part of this work are medical pieces of knowledge about obesity, their complications, treatment and prevention. There are introduced different ways of treatment as the dietary treatment of obesity is, cognitively behavioural treatment of obesity, locomotive activity in a therapy of obesity of the immobile patient, pharmacotherapeutical treatment of obesity and surgical treatment of obesity. The influence has there a suitable education to a healthy way of living. In the second theoretical part of this work the role of nurse in the care about obese immobile patient is included, syndrome of immobile and psychosocial and spiritual needs of the immobile patient. Indeed, there should not be omitted the importance of rehabilitation of immobile patient in this chapter. To the quantitative research I used the questionnaire method on the base of the specific choice, which was created by questions and focused on nurses, who are taking care of immobile patients which are hospitalised in hospitals on the after-treatment care and medical institution for the long - term lying in the Czech Budweis and at the internal and surgical ward in Prachatice. The aim of this work was to find out how obesity influences the quality of provided nursing care in the area of hygiene and prevention of decubitus by immobile patients hospitalised in at the after-treatment care in the Czech Budweis hospital. From the given hypothesis it was confirmed the first one. In the hospital in the Czech Budweis at the after-treatment care are hospitalised immobile patients with BMI 30 and higher. The hypothesis number two was not confirmed. Obesity by immobile patients hospitalised at the after-treatment care did not influence the quality of provided nursing care negatively. The results show that the nursing staff provides quality comparable nursing care by immobile patients as well as immobile patients without overweight.
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