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THE SCHOOL THROUGH THE EYES OF A CHILD
ŠONKOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor thesis is focused on the school in the eyes of a preschool child. The theoretical part characterises a preschool period as a whole and points out some specifics of the period. Additionally, it deals with the description of cognitive processes, the specifics and typical personality characteristics occurring at preschool children. The theoretical part also covers children´s imagination and a way in which children create their own interpretation of a reality. The attention is paid to emotional and a social development, which is a very significant aspect for a successful development, and drawing which works as an information about the mental world of a child. And last but not least, the school is described as a new medium which places new demands on a child and a family. The practical part is engaged to a research survey which should give answers to the following topics: Children´s imagination of their future school and the teacher. The ideas about school and after-school activities; what is the reason for going to school etc. The outcomes of the interviews are compared to the answers of adult respondents who were asked the same questions. In the practical part, the following methods were used: semi structured interview and drawing.
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Nursing care by children with arthroscopy of the knee joint.
ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Růžena
With the increasing sports and physical activity pursued by young people, the spectrum of the knee joint injuries is extending. At the present time, arthroscopy represents one of the basic diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the case of the knee joint injuries. Owing to this method, the attending physician can examine the joint directly using the endoscopic instrument and they can possibly execute surgical treatment thereof as well. Thanks to development, this method can be applied in children's patients with ever increasing frequency. The joint subject to most frequent arthroscopy treatment is definitely the knee joint. The treatment is executed in the operating theatre, most often under anaesthesia and it is careful, quick and accurate. Nevertheless, the children's patient must be hospitalized, which means, in addition to the planned treatment, considerable mental stress not only for the child but for the whole family as well. The way how the child and the parents will cope with the situation depends to a great extent on the nursing personnel. Therefore it is necessary to pay increased attention to the nursing care. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis describes the anatomy of the knee joint, possible damage thereto and this theory is followed by the nursing care prior to and after arthroscopy, rehabilitation nursing care, satisfaction of needs, information provided to the children prior to leaving hospital. The application part of the thesis focuses on the children's patients who were hospitalized in the Dětská klinika Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. (Children's Clinic of the Hospital of České Budějovice) and underwent arthroscopy of knee joint. The following part deals with the nurses working with these children. The thesis is based on a qualitative research and the acquired information was summarized in case reports and interviews. Three research questions were determined for the research part. The purpose of the bachelor's thesis is to discover the specifics concerning nursing care for children undergoing the knee joint arthroscopy. The discovered specifics, such as care for Redon drain, use of French crutches or motor splint, education of the children and their parents can help the nurse become aware of these specifics, not perform them automatically and achieve a higher quality of the nursing care provision. Identification thereof may help perform the right determination of nursing diagnoses, goals and interventions in the nursing process in the patient prior to and after arthroscopy of knee joint. Another goal of the thesis was to determine what negative factors are perceived by the children most frequently. The fact that we have discovered the specifics of the care and that we accentuate them may mitigate the negative factors perceived by the children as well. Among them there are fear, redressing relating to the Redon drain removal, pain. The acquired results of the bachelor's thesis were processed to have the form of a standard nursing plan, which should contribute to achieving a higher quality of the nursing care for children undergoing arthroscopy of knee joint.
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Nursing Care Particularities in Children Admitted to Hospital with Autism
SCHÖNBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The topic of the thesis is the Nursing Care Particularities in Children Admitted to Hospital with Autism. In the theoretical part is found the description of autism causes, clinical manifestation, diagnostics, basic therapeutic measures and nursing care in such children. The thesis has set three goals: Goal 1- finding out problems concerning the hospital admittance of an autistic child. Goal 2- determining the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. Goal 3- creating an informative brochure that would help nurses to gain basic information necessary to provide expert nursing care to autistic children. To gain these goals, a method of qualitative research and the technique of standardized interviews were used. In the frame of the research, two research samples were used. The first one consisted of nurses who work in children´s psychiatric wards and children´s neurologic wards. These nurses were chosen deliberately as they care about autistic children regularly and have a lot of experience in this branch. Altogether ten interviews were conducted and were recorded on the record keeping sheet and consequently processed. The other research sample were mothers of children in whom autism was diagnosed and who experienced hospital admittance either as a diagnostic stay or in connection with acute treatment. Also here ten interviews were conducted. After the completion of qualitative research answers to the set research questions were gained: Research question 1 finds out what are the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. On the basis of the research, it was concluded that nursing care in autistic children has some specific features such as communication, observing rituals, the necessity of a parent´s company, as well as the psychical burden both of children and staff. Research question 2 focused on finding what problems are connected with the hospital admittance of an autistic child. On the basis of the conducted interviews, it was concluded that the biggest problems concerning hospital admittance apply to children´s aggressivity, difficult adaptability to environment changes and problems that occur after the experienced admittance. Further on, it was concluded that also children´s individuality is a serious problem that has to be taken into consideration during nursing care. Research question 3 found out how nurses assess parent´s presence during the admittance of autistic children. All nurses perceive the parent´s presence highly positively. They see the most benefits in passing important information to nurses, accompanying the child during the whole period of admittance, helping with the adaptation to a new environment, providing the common daily care including spending free time and giving the child the feeling of safety and assurance. Research question 4 deals with nurses´ feelings when nursing autistic children. The provided information is individual. The research has found that nurses feel well, do not see problems and the work is routine for them. Negative feelings are influenced by circumstances concerning mood, tiredness or demanding communication with parents. Further, it was concluded that nurses feel insecurity in the period when they start working with autistic children or during the first contact with the child. With regard to high disorder prevalence in the population, it is essential for nurses to know basic information concerning autism and adopt the basis of nursing care in children with this disability type. In this connection, an information material was created that has to help nurses to acquire basic information necessary to provide expert care to autistic children.
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Specific aspects of nursing care of child with Down syndrome
BUBALOVÁ, Petra
Down syndrome also known as trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon onceive about how many children born with congenital defects? The surprising factor is that for every 700 to 1000 live births is born one child with Down syndrome. In The Czech Republik were born for last years about 70 children for every year. It means one child with Down syndrom for 1500 live birth.with Down syndrome comes other differences for the care. Parents of these children have to understand the delayed development with less independent child but with the increase care. The text is developed in two parts . In the theoretical part I have been looking though the problem of Down syndrome, the history and other forms of Down syndrome as well as prenatal and postnatal diagnosis other associated diseases and the mental retardation. The second problem is the medical care of these children, the communication and timely care. The theoretical basis were taken from the implementation of my research. The empirical part of my undergraduate work has been focused on a special care of these children with Down syndrome as well as on the parents of hospitalized children and their most common problems. Other part of the research I have been looked closer to the problem of families life of these children. The obtained data I was used for qualitative research methods. The qualitative investigation has been made by semi-structured interview led with children´s mother and with medical nurses too. From the result of this research showen us in which section of Down syndrome have not any specificas for this special care. The different care for child with Down syndrom comes from comorbidities, which children often suffered but not inevitably suffer. Mental retardation is considered as a single disabiliti of these disabled children. We see very often the musle tone in this syndrome. The main problems of children´s parents were insufficiant education also from the side of the medical stuff. The essential problem mothers perceived the behavior from the medical stuff. In the end is very necessary for medical personal to know the basic special specific medical care for children with Down syndrome. The demonstration of the problem can be use as the education material not only for nurses but also for parents of these affected children as well as for public. We created the leaflet for this purpose.
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The problems of nursing care in children with stomia of small and large intestines
BARTYZALOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis is aimed at the problematics of the children patiens with stomia. Stomia is the taking out of the small or large intestine out of the body. The most often indications with insomia is to remove the large intestine, inborn development defect and the necrotising enterocolitidis (NEC). The most often reasons for the by-passing with the colostomy are also the development defects and the Hirschsprung desease. Children with the stomia are few in the Czech Republic. They are mainly newly-borns or suckling infants, with whom stomia is tempoval. Children with this desease are usually taken care of by the parents in the home invironment. The parents are dependant on the assistance of a stomia nurse, which educates them and informs about everything connected with the illness. The goal of the bathelor thesis is to map the needs of the children with stomia of the small and large intestine and specify the needs of the nursing care. The work was also aimed at the task of the stomia nurses caring for the children with stomia. A qualitative research with the method of questioning was applied together with the discussion method with the parents of the sick children and the stomia nurses, who have already had experience with caring for the children with the stomia disease. All in all ten parents have been contacted, six of which have participated in the interview. Fourteen stomia nurses have been contacted, but due to little experience with treating the stomia children just three of them have been interviewed. The respondents came from various parts of the Czech Republic. As for the specifics of the nursing care we were interested in three aspects of the nursing care. The first sphere was skin care, where it was found out that the parents of the children with ileostomy should pay special care to the skin in the place around stomia. It is caused by the fact that ileostomy takes out watery and agressive substance, which causes skin damage in the place of stomia. Another important fact was that the patents use common children cosmetics, which is considered to be absolutely unsuitable for the children with stomia. It is also important to mention that due to a wide choise of stomia amendments the nursing care is on a much higher level than before. As for catering it was found out that newly-borns and suckling infants should be breast feaded and with the ileostomics the stool should be was thickened by adding rice puding without milk. The third sphere was evacuation. Childer with stomia evacuate in a specific way with the help of bags and systems. It was found out that the most suitable system for children with stomia was the simple one. The other goal was to map the needs of stomia children. From the research it was found out that stomia has a negative effect on the quality of life of both the children and their parents. Stomia affects the life socially but mainly mentally. As for the mental aspects it was found out that the services of psychiatrists are not used. It is also supported by the fact that just one parent out of six uses consultations with the stomia nurse regularly, who should be their main support. It was also found out that every child cried while stomia was treated. From the social side it was found out that children with stomia can be isolated from other children at kindergartens and schools. Stomia also restricts children when doing sport and other activities. As for the fysiological needs, they have already been mentioned in the specifics of the nursing care. The last goal was to find out what role in treating children stomia the stomia nurse plays. It was found out that the education of the stomia nurse is very important for the parents of the children with stomia but their opinions do not coincide. Some nurses say that they educate the parents before and after the operation, but we have found out that it was not true. Very few parents were educated before and after the operation.
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Reward and Punishment in Education
JAŠKOVÁ, Eva
ABSTRACT This baccalaureate dissertation titled ?Reward and Punishment in Education? describes the frequency of utilisation of certain rewards and punitive measures in the educational process of pupils. The aim of the dissertation is to compare the approach to the usage of certain types of reward and punishment in the educational process of pupils at a selected school. The theoretic part is aimed at characterising the methods of evaluating the pupils? behaviour, as well as describing reward and punishment from both a pedagogic and psychological perspective. The practical part is devoted to conducting a research study, which deals with the awareness of teachers, parents and pupils in regards to the use of rewards and modes of punishment at a selected school. Based on the findings of the study we can state that reward is preferred to punishment by all groups.
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How to spend teenagers' free time.
BUŘIČOVÁ, Božena
Bachelor thesis called ? Youth Leisure-time ? focuses on these days young generation leisure-time problems. The topics of education in leisure-time and the upbringing for leisure-time and general terminology connected to this themes are mentioned in theoretical part of this thesis. Various ways of kid´s harmonic prgression in connection with their leisure-time activities are developed here. Family should always be a base of properly spent leisure-time and the place where the children can take their behavioral models from. Importace of leisure-time institutions and teachers dealing with young people´s leisure-time is also worked up in this part. The last chapter contains problematic issues of negative leisure-time experiences that can affect the young generation in a negative way. The practical part is focused on research survey made by means of questionnaire in which analysis of forms and methods of leisure-time are elaborated. A target of practical part is to put our finger on evolutionary trends in this sphere speaking about 13, 15, 17 and 19 year old teenagers.
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Development of a child with dyslexia from the perspective of parents.
MOTALÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis is focused on children with reading and writing disorders from the perspective of parents. The work is characterized by specific learning issues with focus on dyslexia and other learning disabilities. It also deals with possible causes, diagnosis and correction of specific learning disabilities. Research is focused on the educanional development of children with reading disabilities from the perspective of parents. To what extent are parents aware of the problems of dyslexia, how they perceive your child's diagnosis and how it affected access to it.
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What we read to preschool Children
ZVÁNOVCOVÁ, Luďka
The aim of this work is to look into the world of fairy tales and stories hidden in the books which are being passed on the current children by the adults. In the theoretical part the student is trying to draw attention to valuable literary works for preschool children especially in the prose stories and fairy tales in a historical and contemporary perspective. Further, the student highlights the importance of fairy tales and stories for preschool children. The practical part is focused on the relationship of kindergarten teachers, parents and children to the book. It is based on a questionnaire survey of teachers and parents and on the interview with children. The last part focuses on the quest for quality literature for children.
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THE SCHOOL AND FAMILY COOPERATION
ČERVENKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of cooperation between school and family. The theoretical part describes this issue in the curricula documents. It describes pre-school and elementary schools education according to the Framework Educational Programme. Attention is also paid to the roles of teachers, parents and children when cooperating. The practical part is based on research of different types of cooperation at different school levels. It tries to find out what the experience of parents and teachers with mutual cooperation might be.
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