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The analysis of pastures in selected farm and recommendation of suitable grazing system and intensity
TICHÁ, Pavlína
This thesis at first discusses the importance of permanent grasslands, establishing and revival of pastures, further dividing agrobotanical groups, homogeneity of pastures and the treatment and fertilization of grasslands. The second part focuses on the breeding of cattle, commercial properties and targets in breeding herds. It deals with the Aberdeen angus beef, that is kept at monitored sites. In addition, the organization and the division of pastures. The third part contains observational monitoring of grassland. The effects of different grazing systems on pasture vegetation were observed at the selected pastures areas. Forage crop characteristics were measured and the suitable grazing system was designed and system of usage and treatment of pasture vegetation was designed. The observation was greatly complicated because of the excessive rainfall (floods) in the first third of the grazing season.
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Effect of management on three moss species of fen meadows (Breidleria pratensis, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Tomentypnum nitens)
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effects of different types of management (control, mown, mown + disturbed (gaps) + litter removed) on three moss species of fen meadows were studied. Experimental plots were established at sixteen sites in the Bohemian Forest, in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest and in Českomoravská vrchovina. Relevés and micromaps of bryophytes in the plots 0.5 × 0.5m were sampled at the beginning of the experiment during the summer season of 2010 and then after 3 seasons (during the summer season of 2012) of performing management. The age of the abandoned meadows was also determined and values of pH, conductivity and height of water level of each plot were measured. Positive influences of both types of management on the cover of Tomentypnum nitens and of management with creating gaps and remowing of litter on the cover of Breidleria pratensis were significant. Effect of management on the Sphagnum warnstorfii was significant only when processes of remaining on already occupied places and the expansion to new places were tested separately. Enviromental values did not significantly influence the change of cover of any species between 2010 and 2012. In conclusion, it is clear that diverse management with reasonable use of these practices (mowing, creation of gaps, litter removal) is desirable for maintaining of vital and diverse bryophyte layer.
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The influence of the pasture on the selected parts of environment.
KREBSOVÁ, Lenka
Our nature and landscape are the important parts of our national natural, cultural and economical heritage. Changes in the agrarian policy caused that large portion of the permanent grass areas has started to be maintained by cattle and sheep grazing as well. This Thesis focuses mainly on the comparison of the pastoral areas with the mown and unmown meadows and on the charactreistic vegetation cover affected by grazing. The impact of grazing on natural composition of plant species is important, I also deal with the maintenance of the pastoral areas.
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The influence of way and intensity of grazing on sward composition, homogenity and productivity of permanent grassland
TICHÁ, Pavlína
Abstract: This thesis deals with the first part fytocenologickými and production characteristicsof grasslands. Importance and influence of different ways and intensities of grazingon the formation of stand composition and homogeneity of pasture vegetation. It alsodeals with the productivity of pastures and nedopasků in different ways and intensity of grazing. There are different compared to literature data. The second part deals with the materials and methodology of his own observation,when the farm was chosen areas of permanent grassland with different ecological conditions, with different management practices were evaluated and their vegetationcomposition, productivity, biodiversity and grazing value.
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Influence of different process of farming on permanent meadow
SEJPKOVÁ, Jana
Researched topic is to asses the influence of different proces of farming on permanent grassland (livestock grazing vegetation, mowing, various agronomic measures). The goal is to realize and make a proposal that farming on permanent grassland is more profitable, what is the best quality forage biomass and what effect it may have on foragestand composition. The use of grassland farming activities is necessary because grasslands are one of the major components of feed base for livestocks as well as participate in some non-productive functions of agriculture. If there is no farming on grassland, there would be a succession and consequently climax forest condition. It is also important to respect the potential of natural habitat, conserving agroecosystem biodiversity and minimize the negative impact of civilization on the environment.
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Strategies in aboveground space occupancy in herbs from disturbed habitats
BARTUŠKOVÁ, Alena
Disturbance is an important phenomenon affecting plant lives and shaping plant strategies in disturbed habitats. A variety of ecological concepts on individual plant response to injury has been proposed for specific natural ecosystems or growth forms. In central Europe, man-made habitats are often cases of disturbed places, so the aim of the thesis was to apply four chosen concepts on them. The thesis is composed of four original studies performed in two model ecosystems: recurrently disturbed ruderal place and regularly mown central European meadow. The occupying of the aboveground space after a disturbance event was studied here either as renovation of biomass or architecture. Regenerative strategies in herbs occupying disturbed habitats were described and confronted with concepts proposed originally for ecosystems subjected to natural disturbance regimes.
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Restoration of species-rich meadow ecosystems on mine spoil dumps.
MATOUŠŮ, Anna
Main object of this study was to accelerate and to direct succession in the course of a 5-year field experiment on a mine spoil dump. The effects of (1) transplanting whole meadow turfs, (2) spreading meadow soil with turfs, (3) spreading diaspore-rich mown vegetation and (4) different types of management, as possible restoration techniques are discussed in the thesis
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The effect of different management on plant diversity and biomass production of grass stands
JÍLKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different management practises on submontane meadow plant diversity, species richness and biomass production. The experiment was carried out in the submontane region Šumava (Kaplicko, Velký Chuchelec, Údolí Velenovského potoka). There were applied four types of management {--} continual grazing, mulching, fallow (Velký Chuchelec) and mowing (Údolí Velenovského potoka). Plant diverzity and hay production has been observing for three years. Obtained data were used for calculation Simpson and Hill index diverzity, value of fodder quality and nutritive and water regime (condition) of site. Values were used for statistical computing (ANOVA, Fischer LSD test). The plant species diverzity and biomass production are significantly affected by grassland management (treatment). Mulching and fallow lead to lower species richness and increases the coverage of grasses. Hay production is higher on mulching and fallow stands and on mowed stands than on continuously grazed stands. Mowing leads to higher species richness. Is necessary to conserve this status by mowing or the better way is to intesify contemporary management.
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