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Unplanned pregnancy issues of drug-addicted women.
SALVOVÁ, Denisa
At present the number of drug addicted women who incidentally become pregnant is increasing. The children of such woman usually end in care of their grandparents, in infantile institutions and children homes. It is important to prevent unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in drug addicted women. Institutions providing service to drug addicted should concentrate on prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Women should be informed on risks of possible pregnancy in the context of their drug addiction. If a woman becomes pregnant and pregnancy is wanted it is necessary to enable a women treatment which would take into account the stay of a mother with a child. The impossibility of treatment of a mother with a child is a very discouraging factor of treatment. Most of drug addicted women are not willing to admit their drug addiction because they are afraid of losing a child. The cooperation of treatment facilities and gynaecology-maternity departments of hospitals should be common. With regard to the insufficient treatment facilities enabling common stay, it is not easy to ensure that a mother and her child start treatment in time. The more available the treatment for a mother the more probable is the mother ´s decision for the treatment. It is necessary to build the net of treatment facilities where mothers would be enabled to undergo the treatment with their children.
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Related injuries during pregnaney and nursing care matters.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Alena
This bachelor{\crq}s thesis focuses on the injuries in pregnancy and the issue of nursing care. The theoretical part characterises the occurrence of injuries, moreover it deals with individual types of injuries and healing, poly-traumas and prevention of pregnant women travelling by car. In the practical part, four goals and four research questions were prepared. The target of this thesis was to find out what kind of injuries occur in pregnancy at most, what is the impact of the injuries on the health of the pregnant women, if the pregnant women realise the danger while utilizing the public transport means and what are the most frequent problems in the nursing care of women after the injuries.
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Doula´s influence with a smooth course of childbirth and with a job of the midwife and of the child´s nurse
BELEŠOVÁ, Romana
Child delivery, as well as death, is a universal experience. It may be the most powerful creative experience, a fraction in the stream of human existence. It may be a celebration of joy and perceived as beautiful and sublime. Child delivery is considered a natural phenomenon leaving deep impression in our minds. Nowadays there is a tendency to the so called natural ways of deliveries. The current trend in maternity hospitals is humanization of obstetrics and delivery in itself. This means that the best way how to spend the period of pregnancy is a good preparation for pregnancy and delivery and the new role of a mother and a father. It is important for the parents to have an active approach to pregnancy from the very beginning, getting information and learning practical skills to the child delivery. It is almost obvious that at the most meaningful event as a child delivery is the father or another close person is present. Besides the closest persons it is a doula who sometimes accompanies the mother. This term denotes a care provider (a guide through the delivery, a companion, an assistant at the delivery) {--} a woman who has basic training on the birth management and knows various nursing procedures. A doula provides emotional support, physical assistance, explains the course of delivery and represents a reliance of ``a friendly presence{\crq}q. To carry out the practical part of the thesis the method of quantitative research was used. The data to confirm or to reject the stated hypotheses were gained through questionnaires distributed from January to March 2009. One type was aimed at mothers and the other was made up for midwives and paediatric nurses. The research set was formed by 110 (100%) female respondents. 42 (38%) of them were mothers form the South Bohemian region, 34 (31%) midwives and 34 (31%) paediatric nurses working in the South Bohemian hospitals, antenatal clinics and paediatric clinics. The research set did not include a large number of respondents since there is not much awareness of the doula issue in public. As each group of female respondents was evaluated separately, the total number of them in each group was considered to be 100%. The objective of the thesis was to find out if mothers are interested in influencing the delivery by a doula, how midwives and paediatric nurses are informed about a doula job description and if the presence of a doula at the delivery is beneficial for the work of midwives and paediatric nurses. All the objectives were accomplished. The first hypothesis assuming the positive evaluation of a doula attendance at the delivery by mothers was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which assumed on the basis of experience gained by practice that midwives are better informed about a doula job responsibility at the delivery, was confirmed. The third hypothesis, which assumed that midwives perceive the presence of a doula at the delivery more positively than paediatric nurses, was also confirmed. The outcomes of the thesis will be beneficial both for mothers pondering over a doula presence at the delivery and for midwives and paediatric nurses who meet doulas accompanying mothers in hospitals and antenatal clinics.
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Sexual Life in Pregnancy
JURIGOVÁ, Gabriela
Abstract The public, often also medical professionals, live under the influence of widespread sexual myths and half-truths which substantially affect their attitudes towards sexuality. Sexuality in pregnancy is all the more encompassed with a lot of superstitions, myths, prejudices and fear. There is a lack of quality information and even professionals, physicians and midwives, often give partners inadequate recommendations. Essentially, pregnancy is a natural fulfillment of biological sense of sexual life. It affects a mental condition not only of a woman but both partners, and consequently influences their sexual life. The objective of this thesis was to determine the level of pregnant women´s knowledge about sexuality in pregnancy and to analyze sexual life in pregnancy. To meet the objective of the research, the quantitative research technique using anonymous questionnaires was applied. Three kinds of anonymous questionnaires were used: one was my own questionnaire focused on finding the level of pregnant women´s knowledge on sexuality in pregnancy. The second and third questionnaires were standardized questionnaires SFŽ ( Sexual Function of a Woman) and Erotic Stimuli Inventory (Hoon - Winoze) (Annex 1). Women were asked to fill in questionnaires both from the perspective of their current situation and from the perspective matching their experience prior to pregnancy. The research set were comprised of women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic of the obstetrics-gynaecological department of 1. LF UK (Medical Faculty of the Charles University) and VFN ( the General Faculty Hospital) in Prague. The data stated in the standardized questionnaires were assessed and thereby sexual life of women in the period before pregnancy and during pregnancy was analyzed, the research goal was met. In this thesis the following hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis 1 assuming that pregnant women do not have sufficient information about changes in sexual life during pregnancy and research has been confirmed. Although most women considered the level of their knowledge as sufficient, a proportion of women who want to be informed about the changes in sexual life during pregnancy is prominent. Most women want to be informed about changes in sexual life during pregnancy in an anonymous form. This finding confirms the hypothesis 2 assuming that pregnant women want to be informed about the possibilities of sexual satisfaction during pregnancy. Hypothesis 3 assuming that pregnant women are not satisfied with the level of information about sexuality in pregnancy provided in prenatal counseling has been confirmed. Low percentage of women receives information from a physician or a midwife and they themselves do not ask questions mostly because of shame. Communication about sexuality in our society is still taboo for both professionals and the general public. Hypothesis 4 assuming that the need for sexual intercourse is decreased in pregnancy has been confirmed by the survey. In pregnancy libido, the frequency of sexual intercourse, the need for contact and the ability to achieve orgasm are reduced. Responses to erotic stimuli are shifted to a lower degree of erotic excitement according to the results of the research. The results of the research carried out in the obstetric-gynaecological hospital have revealed the need to improve communication and the information supply provided by the medical staff members to pregnant women and their partners. It is necessary to consider the possibility of anonymous forms of providing information that is not affected by prejudices, attitudes, myths. An information booklet seems to be an appropriate resource. Women in pregnancy want more information and have the right to get it. This is where a midwife can play a significant role by giving professional advice and having open communication with a pregnant woman and her partner.
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Educations concerning problems of gravidity and labour at women with aural handicap in the regions South Bohemia and Passau.
FILIPOVÁ, Marie
A midwife working in the delivery room can get into a situation where communicating with an aurally impaired pregnant woman and effectively educating her becomes essential. Pregnancy and birth represent considerable stress, whether physical or mental, for the organism of every woman. Owing to more complicated communication, aurally handicapped women in particular are subject to increased fear and distress. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the question of physiological pregnancy and birth as well as the specification of aural disability and educational process. The differences in care for pregnant and birthing women in the Czech Republic and Germany are mentioned at the end of the theoretical part. Studying aural disability more consistently as well as possible contradictions and consequences of insufficient communication during pregnancy, birth and subsequent care for the newborn between the staff and the aurally impaired woman enables a more professional view, thus contributing to a better level of prevention of the woman?s physical and mental problems. The empirical part of the thesis aims at finding out the skills and knowledge of the ways of communication and education of midwives within their work responsibilities as far as aurally handicapped women are concerned. The research also consists of deeper understanding of the area where the necessary educational process should be aimed from the point of view of aurally impaired women?s needs. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to get and process data for the empiric part. The quantitative research survey was carried out through the method of data collection by a questionnaire for midwives working in the delivery room. The qualitative part of the research survey was carried out via framework analysis of the output gained from half-structured interviews conducted with aurally handicapped women. Identifying the communication skills of midwives with aurally impaired women in the obstetrics can result in the optimization of the mutual cooperation between a client and the nursing staff. Upon the learnt facts, the thesis points put potential problems in the area of education of aurally handicapped women. At the same time, suitable communication and education strategies are recommended within the professional powers of a midwife in the area of informing aurally handicapped women about pregnancy and birth.
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Pregnant women and their perception of nursing care provided by midwifes during their stays at the Department of Gynekology and Obstetrics.
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Alena
Hospitalisation is a very stressful moment in everyone?s life. It is even more stressful for a pregnant woman. Woman?s worries about her healthy pregnancy development and child?s life become even greater at such time. Pregnant women are more sensitive and receptive to people and environment that surround them. Out of all medical staff, midwives spend the largest portion of time with pregnant women. Midwives utilize not only their nursing skills while providing nursing care to their clients, but also provide support and take care of clients? emotions. The theoretical part of the bachelor?s thesis at hand focuses on descriptions of physical and mental changes during pregnancy, and provides explanations of risk and pathological pregnancies. Subsequently, it provides information on psychosomatics during pregnancy, indications for hospitalisation during gravidity, and nursing care during the stay of a pregnant woman in hospital. This thesis identified two objectives. The first objective was to find out how hospitalised pregnant clients perceive the nursing care provided by midwives. The second objective was to observe whether the pregnant clients trust the medical staff. Based on these two objectives, five research questions were developed. Information needed for data processing and meeting the objectives was gathered by qualitative research using the technique of interview that was held with nine pregnant women. The data were collected in three different hospitals: a regional hospital, a district hospital (both in the South Bohemian Region), and a university hospital in Prague. Research corpus comprised of nine pregnant women that had been hospitalised with risk pregnancies at the department of gynecology for a period longer than 10 days. The research was carried out on the basis of the two defined objectives and five research questions. Both of the identified objectives have been met. The clients assess the nursing care provided by midwives positively and they trust the medical staff. The research questions were answered in full and necessary information was retrieved. The interviewed respondents would most preferably welcome antenatal courses held during their hospitalisations; more information given during their treatment process; and better quality communication with the medical staff. The author would welcome the idea that this thesis helps the other medical staff in better understanding of emotions, feelings and perceptions experienced by hospitalised pregnant women, which may in result help diminish some of the negative effects observed while staying in hospital.
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The pregnancy problems by the women at the age after 35 years
LEDVINOVÁ, Lucie
Though medicine and nursing care have been advancing steadily, everybody is well aware that gravidity in older women poses certain risks, and after the 35th year of age it is not completely trouble-free. At the early stages of gravidity the fetus is endangered by a range of congenital defects of development. The expectant mother can experience problems not only during her pregnancy but also throughout the delivery itself. The pregnancy period may be accompanied by bleeding with the threat of possible miscarriage, premature delivery or some other serious complications looming. The paper aimed at finding whether women in the reproductive age were informed about the hazards of pregnancy after the age of 35; whether women used the method of in-vitro fertilization (IVF); what was the reason behind their decision to put off conception beyond the 35th year of age; and, finally, which nursing problems (nursing diagnoses) emerged attributable to the after-35 gravidity. The survey employed quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative investigation followed two objectives and examined two hypotheses. To obtain the required information, the survey relied on an anonymously completed questionnaire. The qualitative investigation pursued two objectives and research inquiries. The data were gathered through interviews and documentation processing. Both the objectives have been accomplished. Hypothesis 1: women within the age of fertility are familiar with the risks posed by the after-35 gravidity - confirmed. Hypothesis 2, not confirmed, expected women older than 35 years not to use the IVF method. With the research questions answered and the qualitative survey results evaluated, the author formulated these hypotheses: (1) Some women became pregrant after the age of 35 as they were unable to conceive earlier; (2) a difficulty that nurses have to tackle in the over-35 women is fatigue. The results of the paper could be beneficial for midwives or students in their future encounters with this subject, topical even today. The paper could also be found instructive by mothers contemplating gravidity after the age of 35.
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Awareness of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy among pregnant women
VOŠAHLÍKOVÁ, Vendula
The thesis deals with awareness of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy among pregnant women. Mistakes they might make during this period may have permanent negative effect on the foetus future life quality. Influences that might harm a child have to be highlighted. The healthy lifestyle principles during pregnancy involve sleeping, relaxation, nutrition, care of excretion, hygiene during pregnancy, suitable pregnancy clothing, sufficient moving, massage, sex in pregnancy, avoiding addictive substances, taking medicines, vaccination and travelling during pregnancy. There are four research goals. To learn about awareness of healthy lifestyle in pregnancy among pregnant women, to find out sources of information on healthy lifestyle in pregnancy, to learn about adherence on healthy lifestyle principles among pregnant women and to learn about physical activities of pregnant women. Four hypotheses were set to reach these goals, upon which an anonymous questionnaire aimed at finding out the theoretical knowledge of healthy lifestyle in pregnancy was prepared. The questionnaire contained 36 questions. The target group consisted of pregnant women in various gravidity stages. 150 questionnaires were handed out, of which 64 per cent returned. The result interpretation is based on 96 respondents. The research itself was held in 2 hospitals and 3 outpatient facilities. The first hypothesis assumes that today{\crq}s pregnant women are informed on healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. This hypothesis has been confirmed. More than 80 per cent of respondents answered correctly to nearly all the questions related to the healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. The average of correct answers is 88 per cent. The second hypothesis assumed that pregnant women obtain most information about healthy lifestyle from the internet. This hypothesis was refuted. 42 per cent of the respondents gain information about healthy lifestyle from the internet. The third hypothesis assumed that pregnant women adhere to the healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was confirmed. 91 per cent of pregnant women adhere to the healthy lifestyle principles. The fourth hypothesis assumed that pregnant women take physical exercises in pregnancy. This hypothesis was confirmed too. 75 per cent of respondents go in for physical activities during pregnancy.
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Woman's sexuality in pregnancy, during delivery and in puerperium.
HONZÍKOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis deals with female sexuality in the period of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. However, it does not only focus on sexual activities in these cardinal periods of every woman ´s life. Female sexuality is directly related to the woman ´s psychic condition which has a fundamental effect on her. The theoretical part includes chapters explaining the notion of female sexuality and its brief history. The thesis further includes basic information about female physiology and an outline of the periods of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium with a focus on female psyche and sexuality. The purpose of this thesis was to find out about women ´s knowledge of hormonal changes in the periods of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium in relation to sexuality. Another objective was to find out what changes are women subject to in these periods and whether any complications may appear in this area. Further focus of interest was comparison of sexuality of women without professional healthcare education and midwives who had already delivered babies themselves. This theme was processed with the help of a qualitative research. The needed information was obtained through non-standardised interviews with open questions. The interviews were processed in the form of case studies. The research subjects included two groups of female respondents. The first group included women without professional healthcare education and the second consisted of five midwives. The research was used for evaluation of the following hypotheses: ``Women possess information about hormonal changes in pregnancy, during and after delivery in relation to sexuality``; ``The frequency of female sexual activities decreases in pregnancy``; ``Women change view of their life roles in the sense of continuous prevalence of the parental role over the partner role``; ``Delivery need not necessarily result in changed sexual appetite of women``; ``Women experience complications in sexuality after delivery in the case of trouble with injury during childbirth{\crqq}; ``There are no differences between women without professional healthcare education and professional midwives in sexuality in the periods of pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery``. The thesis might be beneficial not only for midwives, pregnant women or women after child delivery, but also for the male part of the population.
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Know - how gravid women about after - terminal pregnancy
ŠIKOVÁ, Miroslava
The thesis on the topic of awareness of pregnant women about overdue pregnancy consists of two basic parts. In the theoretical part the thesis deals with first signs of pregnancy and how the pregnant woman can recognize them. How to calculate the due date and how long physiological pregnancy takes. Other topics mentioned are frequency, causes and risks of overdue pregnancy and ways of dealing with failed induction of labour. The aim of the research investigation was to determine whether pregnant women know the risks of overdue pregnancy, whether they know the length of pregnancy, whether they have knowledge of how to calculate the due date and whether they know the reasons leading to the induction of labour. Hypotheses were stated which were to confirm the knowledge of pregnant women about the risks of overdue pregnancy, women's knowledge about the length of pregnancy, women's knowledge about ways of calculating the due date and knowledge of the reasons to induce the labour. Quantitative research was chosen as methodology of the work, data collection was conducted using the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was anonymous, the initial questions identified the respondents. Questions in the questionnaire were related to overdue pregnancy. The research was carried out in Strakonice Hospital and in gynecologists´ surgeries. 70 questionnaires had been distributed. The total set consisted of 60 (100%) respondents. The objectives of the thesis were met and the hypotheses were confirmed by the results of the research investigation. It was found out that pregnant women are well informed about the risks of overdue pregnancy and they have enough information about the whole issue. Women receive information from their doctor-gynaecologist, midwives and from the Internet when the Internet is not a valid resource for pregnant women. It would be beneficial to provide information about other natural methods of induction of labour. The best form of education of expecting mothers would be a focused interview during pre-birth classes or creating information brochures, which would be available in every gynecological surgery.
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