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Vliv nadmořské výšky a jižní expozice na morfologicko-anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Bartoňová, Lenka
In the introduction of the thesis is a literature review focused on the morphology, ecology, area of occurrence and the influence of climate on the growth of Norway spruce. Three same-age spruce stands were selected in Jeseníky mountains which had different altitude and the same exposition. Samples of one-year old sun-exposed shoots were taken from the selected stands. On the needles was carried out the morphological-anatomical analysis. It was found, that altitude affects the needle parameters - needles at higher altitudes compared to needles growing on spruces at lower altitudes are thicker, wider, shorter and relatively the area of central cylinder increase compare to needle cross-section area. Exposure affects only the cross-section area, length and the projected area of needles. Using geospatial technologies have been developed predictive maps of solar radiation and altitude influence on needle parameters.
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Biologie rozmnožování u raků
NIKSIRAT HASHJIN, Hamid
The ultrastructure of spermatozoa from six crayfish species were described. The acrosome complex and nucleus are located at the anterior and posterior of the spermatozoon, respectively. The acrosome complex organelle is divided into two main parts: the main body of the acrosome that is a dense inverted cup-shaped structure and organized into three layers of differing electron densities and extended parallel filaments, and the sub-acrosome zone occupying the central part of the acrosome complex, which is divided into two electron dense areas. The spermatozoon of Orconectes limosus is described for the first time. In addition, an acrosome spike in the spermatozoon of Procambarus clarkii is described. Despite a well conserved general structure and similarity of pattern among these spermatozoa, differences in the dimensions of the acrosome within the studied species may be useful to help distinguish the different crayfish. The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon and spermatophore wall of the narrow clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus during three stages including freshly ejaculated, post-mating, and after release of the spermatozoon were described and compared. The crayfish spermatophore consists of a sperm mass enveloped by a three layered spermatophore wall. After mating, the thickness of the outer layer of the spermatophore is increased. The matrix in the middle layer of the spermatophore becomes reticulated, and granules inside this layer release their contents. Fibers in the inner layer degrade to small particles. The spermatozoon capsule swells and space between the capsule and the spermatozoon appears. The area of the plasma membrane is increased by wrinkling of the surface and alteration from a single to a multilayered structure at the anterior part of the acrosome. The density of the subacrosome zone increases in the vicinity of the main body of the acrosome. With the onset of fertilization, the layers of the spermatophore are dissolved by female glair glands secretions. The capsule, plasma membrane, and membranous lamellae are eliminated, and bundles of filaments are released. The subacrosome zone loses electron density and retracts. The electron-dense material of the innermost layer of the acrosome is discharged and, together with filaments, forms a filament/droplet structure at the anterior part of the spermatozoon. The most important change is observed in the subacrosome zone, which may play a key role in the fertilization. Also, morphological changes of the spermatozoon after release from the capsule, especially formation of the filament/droplet structure, may contribute to the mechanism of egg-spermatozoon binding in the crayfish.
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Cryptosporidial infection in hedgehog
HUCLOVÁ, Kristýna
This study involves the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in hedgehogs. Course of infection based on 405 isolates from 15 hedgehogs obtained during a few months was observed. Morfological and molecular analyses were conducted to detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. Altogether 69 (17.01%) samples from 11 hedgehogs were morfologically positive and 81 (19.9%) samples were molecular positive. Only 4 individuals remained negative, the cumulative prevalence represented 73.3 % of total samples. Oocysts from monitored hedgehogs measuring 4.94,7 m (mean = 4.8 m) × 4.0-3.8 m (mean = 3.9 m) with a length to width ratio of 1.22 (1.261.20) (n = 50) in native were indistinguishable from those of C. erinacei and C. parvum. Molecular analyses based on small subunit rRNA, 60 kDa glycoprotein and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein revealed presence of C. parvum and C. erinacei. Cryptosporidium parvum IIdA18G1 was detected in 11 hedgehogs. Mixed infection with C. parvum with C. erinacei was observed in 3 animals. The C. parvum IIdA18G1 genotype has never been described in hedgehog before. It belongs to zoonotic IId subtype family frequently found in goats and lambs. This subtype was identified in lambs from Great Britain and Spain and also in children from Kuwait. Cryptosporidium erinacei is adapted to hedgehogs and it does not appear to cause clinical disease in hedgehogs. All positive individuals were juvenile and wild hedgehogs.
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Biological flora of service tree (\kur{Sorbus domestica} L.)
BOUŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
The bachelor work deals with the biology of the service tree (Sorbus domestica L.).The aim of this work was to assemble information regarding service tree based on literary evidence. The work consists of a literature search, articles and information on service tree focused primarily on the morphology, biology and expansion. The first chapter is devoted to an overview nomenclature, attention is paid to the morphology of its expansion in Europe, geographic expansion and height and the type of site conditions. The bachelor work is further processed biotic and abiotic influences acting on the species and relationships with other organisms.
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Assessment of phenotypic variation of commercial cultivars and wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea in experimental conditions
JANUŠ, Vojtěch
The bachelor thesis is part of the project AMVIS 20-LH 11039. This work is aimed at evaluating the growth characteristic and phenotypic variation of wild populations and commercial cultivars of Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) in experimental conditions. Within the frame of this project an experiment was established at the Institute of Botany in Třeboň. Within the Bc Thesis, morphological characteristics of the studied plants were investigated during the vegetation period, 26.6.?18.9.2012. A destructive method was used for aboveground biomass sampling at the end of experiment. Plants from native populations had higher values of studied characteristics than commercial cultivars. The highest value of aboveground biomass had population from the area of Dyje river (433 g).
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Biological characteristics and coverage of Anthriscus sylvestris and Achillea millefolim in permanent grasslands
ZAVÁZALOVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis is focused on the problems connected with grasslands, their division, functions, farming, exploitation and environmental factors which influence the composition of vegetation and forage quality. It also deals with the composition of permant grasslands and their types. One separate chapter is devoted to the importance of herbs in grasslands and there are also stated examples of herbal mixtures. The main goal of this work is to describe the issue concerning milfoil (Achillea millefolium L.) and chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris L.), their biology, ecology and involvement in different types of grasslands. Individual chapters which are dedicated to each specific herb are always preceded by description of their families, their significance and application. Following chapters are about geographical spread and inventory of kinds of these specific herbs (chervil and milfoil), their description, morphology, ecology, cenologiii, forage quality, significance and application in grasslands. In the second part to supplement the findings of research on presence of milfoil and chervil there are written results of my own observation (charts and graphs) showing the projective dominance of milfoil and chervil in different types of grasslands with different farming and their height achieved in different periods of time. The charts and graphs show species composition and projective dominance of grasses, legumes and other herbs including their height at the highest achieved arithmetic average of vegetation height.
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Indefinte Determiners in French and its Czech Equivalents.
ŽEMLIČKOVÁ, Klára
The theme of the Bachelor´s thesis is the system of indefinite determiners in French language. The aim of my thesis is based on the literature to describe their morphological, syntactic and semantic properties, including their function in discourse and to try to find Czech equivalents of French expressions in a parallel body Intercorp. My thesis is divided into two main parts. The first theoretical part describes French indefinite determiners and the second, practical part of the work consists of analyzing them in parallel body Intercorp.
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The leaf as an organ of higher plants - creation of photographic collection of leaves
MAJEROVÁ, Martina
The project is focused on morphology of leaf. The content is divided into three main parts. The first part analyzes textbooks utilized at elementary schools for teaching morphology of plants. In the second part is treated the photographic collection of leaves organized as a transparent system of individual characteristic of the leaf morphology. There are sugestions for practical use of the compiled material for teaching in the third part.
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