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Vliv smíšení porostu na dynamiku růstu borovice lesní (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve Finsku
Vyčítalová, Hana
Mixed stands excel in their species richness and they theoretically have a better precondition for coping with disturbances than monocultures. On the other hand, there is interspecies competition, which may result in the oppression of individual species in the ecosystem. A total of 12 research plots in the province of North Karelia (Finland) were selected to approximate the effect of forest mixing on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In growing season 2018, stem volume changes and drought stress responses were observed in monocultures and with the admixture of one or both of the species Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The measurement of volume changes was performed using point dendrometers installed on individual pines, the temperature and soil moisture were monitored by a TMS-4 sensor located in the soil in the middle of each research area. It was found that in all cases, Scots pine grew only in dependence on rainwater, not groundwater. It was discovered that individuals in monoculture grew up to twice as much as in both types of mixed stands. They also showed a better ability to saturate the tissues with water after it had been spent for transpiration during the July drought. In August, however, the response to drought stress was comparable in monocultures and mixed stands. The measured results show that interspecific competition may have a negative effect on the growth and drought tolerance of Scots pine in the short term. However, at a time of escalating extreme climate events around the world, this issue needs to be further explored in order to create optimal conditions for the growth of future forests.
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Stanovení spolehlivých identifikačních znaků kvalitních a silně přirůstavých stromů jako základ probírkové metody cílových stromů
Vícha, Tomáš
The aim of the thesis was determination of features, which indicate trees with above-average increment. The work was carried out in the forest district Borky, which is part of Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. Trees of two main species, e.g. European beech and Norway spruce, were analyzed. In the field, total height, the height of the crown base, occurrence the forks and their heights were measured. Trees were assigned with social status, crown quality and release status. Using a logit model, it was found, that for beech, the only statistically significant parameter was social status. For spruce, diameter, crown length, distance between breast height and crown base, crown quality and the edaphic category were significant predictors of above-average increment. In the end, equations of probability have been compiled.
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Ekologicko-produkční hodnocení strukturální probírky v dubových a bukových porostech na ŠLP Křtiny
Soukup, Tomáš
Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of structural thinning in medium old beech and oak stands on the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest (TFE MF) Křtiny. In the framework of the project of the new economic concept of "Dauerwald - Permanently creative forest at TFE MF Křtiny". Educational intervention consists of searching and releasing a defined number of target trees (100 to 150 pieces per ha). At the Soběšice and Borky, three variants of intervention with different degrees of release of target trees were always established. The educational interventions were realised in 2015. Presented research was then focused on measurement of dendrometry characteristics of the target and other trees and evaluating their production and quality. Secondly, the natural regeneration and its development were monitored as well. There, mostly no statistically significant influence of type of intervention on evaluated parameters were find. The actual impact effect can be measured more reliably with a longer time span.
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Potenciál hodnotové produkce habru obecného v porostech ve stadiu převodu na les trvale tvořivý na ŠLP Křtiny (l.ú. Soběšice)
Vincour, Matěj
The aim of this thesis is to find out the potential of the value production of the European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). Namely in the stage of the transferring into forest that is permanently producing, at ŠLP Křtiny. Two young stands of European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), created by the natural renewal after the clear felling were found at the area Soběšice. Further, one adult stand with regeneration under the stand, was found. By the stands created by the natural renewal, educational intervention was undertaken. Target trees, which were then released according to the option of intervention, were found. In total, 122 target subjects were marked. Before the beginning of the growing season, in January 2018 the measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometry and then the mining were made. Analysing of the quality of these trees was made according to Schädelin classification. The statistical analysis proved the static significant differences of the thickness increment according to individual options of the intervention. By the altitude increment and the percentage of the live treetop was not proved. For the more precise conclusion of the influence of the different kind of intervention, longer period of time would be necessary. By the adult stand, with the appearing of the renewal in the undergrowth, comprehensive forest inventory of rejuvenation was made and commenced the plot. The part of the errand was also the finding of future potential subjects of the European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and its qualitative evaluation.
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Růst a postavení třešně ptačí v porostech na LZ Židlochovice
Sklenářová, Monika
Rapidly growing cherry trees are valuable. As the forests may espouse as ecological and even economic function. In order to could have these in the forest stands to be achieved it is necessary artificial pruning trees. My research conducted in three undergraduate work at LZ Židlochovice. In the A- Growth was evaluated the thickness and height increment cherries for a period of three years in 2016. The pruning was done only once. The research B was started in 2017 and in the same year was prunned a part of trees. Effect of pruning of thickness and height increment was studied for 2 years. The research C was evaluated the influence of agroforestry for one each tree from 2017 to 2019 (for two years). The results showed that in A and B researches the pruning should not have had negative effect on height increment, however, in the growth B the pruning had a positive influence on height increment. In the both (A and B), in the contrary, the pruning conducted to reduce thickness of increment. In the C research are shown positive effects on growing out of cherries. The results show that the pruning of the cherry an important educational intervention, but it must be done in a timely and regular manner.
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Stanovení spolehlivých identifikačních znaků kvalitních a silně přirústavých stromů jako základ probírkové metody cílových stromů
Bros, Peter
The aim of this diploma work was to find out and to determine appropriate identificators, which can make it possible to recognize trees with a strong increment. This diploma work sets identification marks for the European larch (Larix decidua) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Activites associated with determination of appropriate identificators of high quality trees with strong increment were investigated in the forest district Borky at the Training Forest Enterprise „Masarykův les“ Křtiny. We evaluated diameter at breast heigjt, total height , crown base height occurance of the forks, social status, release status and crown quality for every tree. We utilized the logit model, to find out significant identificators. We determined two main statistically significant identificators for the Scots pine – height and diameter at breast height. For the European Larch only the diameter at breast height was statistically significant. Other parameters showed statistical insignificance.
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Postavení a výchova třešně ptačí v porostu ve stavu převodu na les střední (ŠLP Křtiny - polesí Vranov)
Žalek, Mikuláš
Wild cherry is a promising tree for our forest management for ecological and economical reasons. In order to achieve a higher economic valuation of cherry wood, a special silvicultural measure must be carried out - artificial pruning. The pruning means removing the lower large branches and thus obtaining long, more quality boles without knots. The pruning of cherries took place in two differently old stands at the Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny. In stand A young wild cherry trees were pruned in three different ways: leaving only this year's increment (S), leaving the last whorl (P) and control, i.e. no pruning (K). In stand B several target trees, that were pruned, were selected and several control cherries without pruning for comparison of increments. The results show that pruning does not influence height growth, but the diameter growth has decreased with increasing intensity of pruning. The same decrease is observed for basal area increment. The data suggest that pruning should be done moderately at a younger stage of cherry development, when the removed branches are not too large.
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Pařezová výmladnost jako základ obnovy a produkce nízkého lesa =: Stump sprouting as a basis for the regeneration and production of coppice /
Uherková, Barbora
In 2008, a young coppice was established and studied in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic. The main studied species Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl agg. and Carpinus betulus L. are typical species of Central European coppices. The aim of the dissertation thesis was to study the topic of re-sprouting, the process when the new regeneration of sprouts is created. Re-sprouting occurred after thinning carried out at the turn of the years 2014/2015. The number of live and dead new sprouts was recorded, and their heights were measured. Subsequently, the effects of the stump basal area before and after thinning, the thinning intensity, leaf area index and light conditions (gap fraction, openness, direct, indirect and total site factor) were studied on the newly established generation of sprouts. Another aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out the effect of thinning on the growth of the coppice in the current changing climate conditions. For three growing seasons (2015 –2017) after the thinning, the growth (diameter and height increments) and soil water content were observed. To study the effect of climatic conditions, a throughfall reduction was simulated by using drainage channels. Similar system of drainage channels was used in Spain, France and other countries. To address the topic of soil degradation, the impact of throughfall reduction and thinning on soil CO2 efflux was investigated. Comparison between subplots with and without thinning, subplots with and without throughfall reduction and coppice with false high forest (control area to the research area of coppice forest) were carried out. As far as the re-sprouting is concerned, the stump basal area before thinning and the thinning intensity statistically significantly influenced the number and height of the new sprouts. Among all factors of light condition, only the indirect site factor was statistically significant. Therefore, the thinning affected soil moisture and the amount of light in the coppice. In the first year after the thinning, the diameter increments of sessile oak and European hornbeam were positively influenced by thinning. In the following two growing seasons, thinning did not significantly influence the diameter increment. However, the height increment of both trees during the whole study period has not been positively affected by thinning. On the other hand, thinning significantly affected the soil moisture. During the three-year study period, soil moisture was higher on thinned plots. This finding is in coincidence with research experiments carried out in southern Europe. The second studied factor, which was the throughfall reduction, did not influence neither the diameter increment, nor the height increment and nor the soil moisture in both species for the entire period. Thinning did not affect soil CO2 efflux rates, whereas the throughfall reduction did. Coppice reached almost the same soil CO2 efflux rates as the false high forest. In conclusion, thinning in coppice leads to an increase of available soil water. The water availability will be very actual issue at lower altitudes – here the tree species are sensitive to high air temperatures and drought stress. It should be noted that the younger developmental stages of the forest stands show increased sensitivity to water deficit due to drought. Thanks to sprouting ability, coppicing can therefore be appropriate management in some deciduous stands at lower altitudes under changing climate conditions.
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Tloušťkový přírůst výstavkových dubů ve středním lese
Kollanda, Viktor
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the diameter increment of sessile oak standards in a coppice-with-standards as related to release degree, site quality and age of the stands. We also tried to asses differences in diameter increment possibly induced by the above mentioned factors. Data processing and all analyses were done in MS Excel software. As a result, grafhical and tabellar presentation of differences between diameter incerements of partucular variants including the response of trees to release degree and combinations of other factor are shown. Statistical tests have shown that the diameter incerement of standards was related to investigated factors. Trees increased theit diameters on plots where release was done, but there were no significant differences between different release variants. Also, effect of age was also significant. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between increments on different edaphic cathegories.
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