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Universality and relativity of human rights from the perspective of Islam - case study of Saudi Arabia
Tošovská, Lucie ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
In my diploma thesis I focused on human rights in Islam from the universal and the culture comparative point of view. A goal of my work was to find out, whether it is possible to justify the human rights abuses under the terms of concept of cultural relativism in the Islamic civilisation. The thesis should answer a question if it is possible to apply the principles of cultural relativism in case of human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia. This was achieved by analyzing the most important international and regional tools for human rights protection. The thesis is divided into three chapters, which are dedicating to this issue.
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The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context
Mrklasová, Marta ; Vavrečka, Jan (advisor) ; Grmelová, Nicole (referee)
The diploma thesis regarding The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context was created in order to map the legal regulations of mandatory vaccination in the Czech Republic and to describe the repressions of unvaccinated children in the Czech Republic and in other member states of the European Union. Part of the thesis consists of a jurisprudence research of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union related to the field of mandatory vaccination. Special focus is given to the comparison of the number of mandatory vaccinations in the member states of European Union as well as to the comparison of their legislations. The fundamental question reflected in the diploma thesis is the one of the human rights of individuals guaranteed by the European Union, international conventions and national legislations of the states and the possibility for them to be limited in order to protect the public health. In the thesis, there are listed and described the human rights affected by the whole concept of vaccination and also the conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to allow the human rights to be restricted. For this purpose the cases from legal practise serve as a support. In addition, there is a chapter regarding the promotion of newly developed vaccines for voluntary vaccinations, which reveals the marketing tools used for this purpose. For a better understanding of the field of mandatory vaccination, there is included a chapter titled The Insight of Expertise Necessary for the Interpretation and Application of Law. This chapter completes the aspects of mandatory vaccination from the medical point of view, lists the mandatory vaccinations in the Czech Republic and member states of the European Union and the vaccines used for performing the vaccinations. Keywords: human rights, mandatory vaccination, jurisprudence of The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union, repressions of unvaccinated children
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Successful Campaigns in the Pursuit of Human Rights
Kalousková, Lucie ; Mikeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kultová, Dana (referee)
The importance of NGOs has been on the rise since the World War II. Amnesty International is one the best-known human rights nongovernmental organizations which has been globally successful in human rights agenda setting. This Diploma thesis analyzes the common features of three selected successful Amnesty International campaigns and aims to determine key attributes that can help to reach the goals of human rights campaigns.
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Human rights in Cuba: Influence of the Cuban opposition movement
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The central topic of the thesis is the Cuban pro-democracy opposition movement and its activities towards an official regime of Raul Castro. This is to try and achieve improvements in civil and political rights in Cuba. The opposition tools and strategies are analysed in the context of specific conditions of the current repressive Cuban regime. Special attention is dedicated to framing processes towards the local audience, communication strategies oriented to an international society, and an ability to involve external players to participate in effective pressure from outside; the so called boomerang effect. The movement's progress is displayed on a base of particular achievements as well as challenges faced in a long term pursuit to a democratic transition of the country.
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Right to Internet
Lexová, Alžběta ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kobelková, Lucie (referee)
The Internet is one of the phenomenons of our time. As of speed and reach it surpasses all media on the world and unlike every other medium it actively engages all people to the process of creating the news. Basic attributes of the Internet make it a power standing above states -- it crosses national borders and doesn't have any direct owner -- and at the same time these attributes make it a power that is practically almost unregulatable. The Internet is regulated on a national level, but there are attempts to pay attention to it on the international level as well. The UN, Human Rights Council especially, examines the issue of the access to the Internet as a human right. This thesis examnies the effort of international community to formulate right to Internet as a human right. The right to Internet can be observed in two ways -- as a right to the content of the Internet and as a right to the technology of the Internet. This thesis observes both these dimensions and examines the international community's stance to their incorporation in the catalogue of human rights.
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The protection of users of institution for dangerous children and youth against prejudices and negative rating
POSTLOVÁ, Erika
Thesis concerns with the point of protection of those using institutions for dangerous youth against prejudices and negative rating. The protection against prejudices and negative rating is one of the criterions of quality standards of social services in the Czech Republic but also a criterion of the quality measure rating at the same time. This criterion will be probably removed from the czech legislation, therefore the thesis focused on consequences of this change. The first chapter is applied to the protection against prejudices and negative rating from the point of view of the czech legislation. It also describes issue of prejudices and negative rating from the point of view of various scientific disciplines which corncerning with this subject. The second chapter provides a comprehensive overview of activities of institutions for dangerous youth in the Czech Republic. The third chapter reflects request for the protection of those using institutios for dangerous youth against prejudices and negative rating in those institutions. On the basis of this reflection, the point of the mentioned request is set from the point of view of ethics and legal system. Practical issues and factor, entering into this field, are took into consideration in that part too. The protection against prejudices and negative rating is ethically substantiated, but it isn't a good tool for the quality rating of the service, because on its basis, it isn't possible to judge if the service quality is fulfilled or not. The design of the request is in breach of two sections of law about social services. The protection against prejudices and negative rating is closely connected with othe documents concerning with the human rights which have to be fulfilled by the institutions for dangerous youth.It follows that if the request will be removed from the social services standards, it won't disappear completely. The protection against prejudices and negative rating would remain in the awareness of the institution staff, but it is misleading to judge service quality on the basis of the protection.
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Euthanasia as a conflict of ethical and legal principles
KRŠÍKOVÁ, Hana
The diploma thesis deals with the problem of euthanasia, especially with its legal and ethical aspects. The legal aspects are discussed with respect to human rights, to the legislative system of the European countries that legalized euthanasia, and to the potential dangers connected with the legalization of mercy killing. The chapters considering ethical aspects draw on essential ethical values and their application in the connection with euthanasia. A particular ethical theory, utilitarianism, is briefly described, and attention i also given to the current development of the social consciousness from the moral concern to the emphasis on efficiency. The discussion of both legal and ethical aspects involves the opinions of the supporters as well as the opponents of euthanasia. In the conclusion the thesis refers to the possible conflict between the ethical and legal norms, which can be initiated by the legalization of euthanasia.
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Fundamental human rights in the European Union
HORECKÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis is the development of the protection of human rights in the European Union, the analysis of the current state and coherence in the context of the legal regulations of the Czech Republic, including the enforcement of human rights in connection withthe judgements.
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