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Efficiency of the technology of WWTP České Budějovice for the elimination of pharmaceuticals
BARTOŇ, Jiří
The main aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in České Budějovice for the elimination of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, atenolol, metoprolol, sotalol, bisoprolol, valsartan, verapamil and tramadol) over a long time period (March 2011 - February 2012). Time-proportional 24 hours pooled samples of wastewater from influent and effluent of the WWTP were used to assess the efficiency of WWTP. The concentrations of target compounds were determined by using in line SPE/LC-MS/MS analysis. The average annual concentrations in the effluent of WTP were in the range of 0,019 microgram/l (verapamil) to 1,00 microgram/l (atenolol). Average annual efficiencies of pharmaceutical elimination in WWTP based on pooled samples were found in the case of carbamazepine (-22 %), tramadol (-15 %), sotalol (-1 %), diclofenac (15 %), metoprolol (16 %), verapamil (43 %), bisoprolol (48 %) and valsartan (85 %). The statistical analysis of daily results in the winter and in the summer period showed significantly higher efficiency of the WWTP in the summer for 5 target compounds (diclofenac, atenolol, valsartan, sotalol and bisoprolol). Removal efficiency for the rest of pharmaceuticals did not show significant differences. Elevated temperature and longer irradiation period in summer can positively affect biodegradation or increased photolysis respectively.
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Osud polárních organickýxh polutantů ve vodním prostředí
FEDOROVA, Ganna
In this thesis occurrence of emerging pollutants in different compartments of aquatic environment was studied. Different environmental matrices were covered: wastewater, surface water and fish tissues with the focus on pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and perfluorinated compounds. Although numerous pharmaceuticals have been already detected in aquatic environment all over the world, still there is need for new reliable methods for their detection and quantification. The output of the study is three multi-residue methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in water and fish samples. Their main advantage is that wide range of compounds from different classes is covered, which enables obtaining maximum information with minimum analytical effort. All the methods were validated including such key parameters as limits of quantification, selectivity, recovery and repeatability, and showed excellent performance allowing determination of target compounds at trace levels. Consequently, the methods were applied for the monitoring of POCs in different environmental samples. Wide occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Swedish WWTP effluents was shown. Rather high concentrations for the representatives of anti-hypertension drugs, some antibiotics and anti-depressants were detected. This fact stresses the importance of WWTP´ effluent monitoring as it is the main source of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. Passive sampling approach was tested for the monitoring of POCs in wastewater. Both standard configurations of POCIS were calibrated under the field conditions for a broad range of contaminants. Sampling rate values were calculated for the case of wastewater effluent. This is a significant contribution to the potential widespread application of POCIS for environmental monitoring programs. Analysis of biota samples is an essential part in the assessment of pollutants? fate in aquatic environment. Therefore, the screening of antibiotics in fish available at the Czech market was carried out. Thirty-two antibiotics from different classes were analyzed. The fish and shrimp samples were bought from the three biggest supermarkets in České Budějovice, which belong to a network of shops covering the whole Czech Republic. In total 97 samples were obtained. Found concentrations did not exceed MRL values established in the European Union. No antibiotics were detected in the fish of Czech origin. Still, presence of antibiotic residues in edible fish tissues could be a matter of concern and the sign of improper use of antibiotics in aquaculture industry, what consequently can cause adverse effects for the environment and human health.
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Sewage and it's cleaning at sewage water treatment plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota
VANĚČKOVÁ, Hana
All of us produce large volume of wastewater every day. But we care about the environment more and more which brings building of new sewerage plants as well. Nowadays, there is an intensification of old sewerage plants and many new ones are being built. In the past, sewerage plants belong only to the cities, but now they can be found even in the villages. People should also know what they release into sewerage and they should be aware of it. We should not rely only on a sewerage plant because it can not remove all the unwanted substance either. In my bachelor´s work on the theme ?Wastewater and its treatment in the sewerage plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota?, I deal with the present status of the sewerage plant in the village, the wastewater treatment system and wastewater in general as the theme indicates. The work is divided into two essential parts ? the theoretical and the practical one. Firstly, I described the former wastewater discharge in the theoretical part. Then I described the wastewater division and wastewater itself. Finally, I wrote about the sewerage plant, mainly about wastewater supply and its subsequent circulation. The next part is the practical one. My own research was a part of it. It was a quantitative form of research. The research was done by the method of questioning, in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to the residents of Ostrožská Lhota, people above 18. It was a random sample of people. 130 questionnaires were distributed in total. The obtained data are processed and analysed by means of charts. The secondary data analysis which was done by means of measuring data on inflow and outflow belonged to the practical part as well. Afterwards, the data were processed into charts. I set three goals in the work. The first goal was to evaluate the wastewater quality before the construction of the sewerage plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota. The second goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in the sewerage plant in the village. I tried to reach these two goals by means of secondary data analysis where I use the chart of measuring data on water inflow and outflow. I compared these figures with the limits of measurement ? limits which are set for the sewerage plant by the water resource management. I found out that the sewerage plant meets all the requirements and it does not exceed the limits. The measuring data are even below the limits. Lastly, the third goal was to find out the households´ opinion on wastewater pollution. I investigated on this goal by the help of the questionnaires. All the set goals were fulfilled. The testing results show that wastewater satisfies the limits of the water resource management and the people are aware of the discharged wastewater quality. This bachelor´s work can function as a recommendation when potential insufficiency is found. It can be also an educational material for non-professionals who do not know this topic and questions.
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Environmental quality system optimalization in food-stuff company
CHLUMECKÝ, Miroslav
This thesis is written as a literature review in which I focused on the issue of waste in the food industry and especially in the brewing industry, I focus on waste water which is relatively high share and environmental economics, and also very inportant. The first part deals with the legislation, distribution and processing of waste according to another use. Another patr is devoted to the guality of incoming water, its treatment processes for production and subseguent purification in wastewater treatment plants. The environmental benefits are achieved by reducing levels of BOD and nitrogen. Subseguently, during the brewing process creates solid waste as wel as malted grains. For every 100 kg of malt produced is about 120 to 130 kg of wet grains with a water content of 75 to 80 %. The resulting waste is adversely affecting environment and to minimize them is not only necessary to find the best ways of wastewater treatment, but it is necessary to modernize and streamline manufacturin procces themselves.
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