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The role of nursing in the prevention of eating disorders
ŠENKÝŘOVÁ, Tereza
Prevention of eating disorders is important because eating disorders are one of the most common and serious diseases adolescent girls and young women may suffer from, with severe somatic, psychological and social consequences. The treatment of eating disorders is tricky and not always successful. This is a disease for which it is difficult to induce the necessary motivation and cooperation of the patient for treatment. Patients suffering from eating disorders have a distorted image of their body, body weight and body shape. An excessive weight loss has an impact on health. The most serious complications are cardiovascular complications, which may lead up to death. Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness with high mortality, which reaches up to 18%. The first objective of the thesis was to survey the risk of eating disorders occurrence in pupils of the second level of primary school. The second objective was to map the awareness of pupils of the second grade of primary school and to identify the source of information. To meet the objectives quantitative research was used. As a method of data collection the questionnaire technique was chosen. The standardized questionnaire EAT - 26, containing 26 closed questions, was used at the research. Another part of our questionnaire included 5 closed questions to get the respondents' identification data, and 2 semi-closed questions. In the case of a positive answer it was necessary to write down the answer which was given by all the pupils with positive answers, and 1 semi-enclosed question with the possibility to add another answer. The questionnaire was completed by 141 pupils of the 5th ? 9th grades of the Primary school Grünwaldova in České Budějovice. The results show that the risk of eating disorders in girls and boys is comparable. According to the obtained results, the risk of eating disorders development is the least in the 5th grade pupils, because they are less concerned about their own looks, physique and body weight than the respondents from higher grades. Satisfaction with the body weight is the highest in the fifth grades, it decreases in higher grades pupils. In our respondents the risk of eating disorders did not appear, yet it is necessary to avoid an increase of that risk. It is necessary to highlight the educational and preventive role of a nurse. She can prevent the possible increased risk of the development of eating disorders later in life or even the onset of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
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Relationship of breastfeeding and the incidence of breast CA
HALUZOVÁ, Jaroslava
The object of this study was to find out, what the by breast cancer affected women know about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they were breast-feeding and whether they know the risk factors of the forming of this sickness. The further object was to find out which knowledge the puerperas have about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they plan to breast-feed and when, from who and which information they obtain about the breast-feeding. On the basis of dialogues was found out that the women with breast cancer know very little about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. Most of them never obtained information from anybody, only some of them heard or read about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. The relationship between the breast-feeding and cancer occurrence was approved, as only one of the women breast fed for more than a year. There is a minimal knowledge of women about the risk factors. Generally, they showed three risk factors which means that the knowledge is deficient and that the education in field of precaution is necessary. In the second part of the research it was found out that the education about breast-feeding is insufficient in the maternity hospital. The hospital nurses provide information about the breast-feeding technique and the care about breasts only. The women obtained information about the protective effect of the breast-feeding at the antenatal courses, some of them from web sites or print media. The puerperas plan to breast-feed for 11.5 months on an average which shows a very positive attitude to the breast-feeding of the children.
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Comprehensive Nursing Care for Clients after Cerebrovascular Accidents
KOVAŘÍKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA, a stroke) mean a major burden for both the patient and his family and caregivers. It is necessary to focus intensively on the care for patients already diagnosed with a stroke. Provision of quality nursing care of patients increases patients´ chance of their recovery and return to the normal life. Based on these facts, the bachelor thesis "Comprehensive nursing care for clients after a stroke" was prepared and presented. The objective was to find out what theoretical knowledge and practical skills are required from nurses who look after the clients after CVA. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the description of CVA and the issue of the nursing care. The research part is based on the quantitative data collection. The research methods applied were: a semi-structured interview, an involved observation and a survey. The research sample consisted of ten clients after CVA who had been hospitalized in Hospital for follow-up care in the town of Humpolec and ten nurses who looked after these clients. Based on the information obtained from the interviews with clients, case studies were compiled, which revealed specifics of nursing care and these were formulated into individual nursing problems. Clients after CVA mostly need help with mobility, food and drink intake, at discharge, hygiene and tidying up. The attention to the issue of speech therapy should be paid. The involved observation and the survey revealed theoretical knowledge and practical skills, which nurses looking after the CVA clients should have. As to the question whether the nursing staff has enough knowledge and skills to provide quality nursing care for clients after CVA, it was found out, that there are some gaps both in theoretical knowledge of CVA and in practical skills of provided nursing care for these clients. As for the theoretical knowledge, the gaps were found out in the approach to clients after CVA and in describing the principles of communication in clients with aphasia. As for the practical skills, gaps in speech therapy were revealed. Gaps were also revealed in the support of the self-sufficiency of the clients. Self- sufficiency is not supported in the maximum possible extent. The results of this work can contribute to improvement of nursing care for clients after CVA. The output of this bachelor thesis is a nursing care plan with emphasis on the most frequent nursing diagnosis.
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Prevention of mistaken identity of patients in health care institution
ELICHOVÁ, Ľubica
Mistaking patients is one of the undesirable errors in health care. When disclosed, it makes the entire medical facility look bad and degrades its prestige. An individual?s error also affects the other members of the medical staff. This topic is very current, which is one of the reasons why I chose it for my bachelor?s thesis paper. Safe identification of patients is one of the principal requirements in the provision of high-quality care to patients. Failure of this requirement may lead to mistaking patients, organs, confusing which side to operate on or the surgery itself. The objective of this bachelor?s thesis paper is to identify the risk factors in the individual areas of nursing care as part of the prevention of mistaking patients and to determine what methods are most frequently used in the prevention of mistaking patients at selected hospital wards. Two hypotheses were identified. H1: The strongest risk factor increasing the probability of mistaking patients is insufficient staff-patient communication; and H2: The most frequently used method of prevention of mistaking patients is the use of identification wrist bands. The research survey was executed in the form of inquiry, using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was intended for nurses. The task of the respondents was to evaluate the risk of mistaking patients when a particular risk factor is in action. The risk factors were classified into five groups: communication, documentation administration, administering drugs, surgical procedures and patient identification. In the following part of the survey I determined the methods of prevention of mistaking patients that the respondents most often use in their work. The assessment of the individual statements concerning the issue in question did not confirm Hypothesis 1. The questioned nurses think that communication among staff is the strongest risk factor (mean: 3.96). The strongest risk factor ? failure to provide information about patients ? was found in the field of communication between the nurse and the physician and between the nurses. Hypothesis 2 was confirmed. According to the answers supplied by the nurses, identification wrist bands are the most frequently used method in the field of the prevention of mistaking patients (mean: 4.83). The second most frequently used method of the prevention of mistaking patients is the use of active verbal identification (mean: 4.59). The results of the survey were submitted to the Regional Hospital in Pardubice in the form of a summary chart. The chart contains the strongest risk factors of mistaking patients and preventive mechanisms leading to their reduction. The survey aims to contribute to the elimination of risk factors of mistaking patients and thus increase the safety of patients when hospitalised.
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Safety and health protection of a nurse during an exercise of her profession in a chosen medical establishment - Hospital in České Budějovice, a.s.
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Lenka
The objective of the thesis was to map the knowledge of nurses about OSH during performance of their profession at a selected medical facility ? Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. ? and to find out whether the nurses are aware of the risks resulting from the performance of their profession. The knowledge was surveyed by a questionnaire method. 170 respondents - nurses working in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. ? were approached. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions structured into three basic blocks. The first block focused on knowledge and observation of principles applicable to OSH and fire safety, obligations of employees and use of PPE. The second block focused on potential risks encountered by nurses performing their profession, methods and tools to protect themselves against the risks and their response to an occupational injury. The third block consisted of a subjective evaluation of OSH issues and threats posed by potential risks encountered during performance of their profession. Results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated by means of MS Excel software package and shown in summary tables. Hypothesis 1: Nurses are familiar with OSH principles? has been confirmed.I have found the knowledge of OSH principles among nurses sufficient (knowledge of obligations of the employees, periodic medical checkups, principles of use of disposable gloves, principles of manipulation with oxygen pressure cylinders, awareness of principles of correct manipulation with electric equipment, principles of use of fire extinguishers, knowledge of safety signs, principles of handling of contaminated laundry, knowledge of proper response to an injury, kinesthetic principles, knowledge of nursing procedures for treatment of an injury with a contaminated needle). Hypothesis 2: Nurses working in theselected medical facility - Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. - are aware of the risks that may endanger their health while performing their profession ? has not been confirmed. The nurses are not aware of the risks that endanger their health while performing their profession (knowledge of categories of work at the ward, awareness of risks, probability of occurrence of risk factors, awareness of risks involved in manipulations with oxygen pressure cylinders).
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The role of nurses in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
CICHROVÁ, Lenka
The thesis seeks to examine the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Today, CVD are one of the most frequent causes of death in adults worldwide. In Europe they are involved in up to 40% of deaths annually. These diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and can occur in several forms, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke or high blood pressure. Therefore, primary prevention is a vital part of nursing interventions. Prevention of CVD is closely linked to the awareness of risk factors. Hence, it should be aimed at proper handling of such factors or possible treatment. The work is composed of two parts, the first part being theoretical and the second practical. Two objectives were set for this thesis. Firstly, to map out the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases; secondly, to determine whether nurses in GP surgeries are involved in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The following research questions were defined: ?What is the main role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???How do nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???Do nurses in GP surgeries use the SCORE risk charts??The qualitative research revealed that nurses are most often involved in the prevention of CVD as proper lifestyle educators and monitors of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose. It was also found that nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of CVD. The thesis records interviews carried out with nurses, describing the interviews in the results. The most common and most interesting responses are given in tables. The results of the thesis can be used as a source of information on proper primary prevention of CVD in GP surgeries. This information was used to create guidelines for nurses on how to proceed in the primary prevention of CVD.
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Creation and verification of the tutorial: Health education and prevention of the non-infectious disorders (ischemic heart disease)
HABARTOVÁ, Silvie
This thesis introducestheimportanceofpreventionofcardiovasculardisease. Itprovides a brieflookatthe anatomy and physiologyoftheheart and bloodvessels. Gives basic informationaboutcoronaryheartdisease, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitationofpatientswiththisdisease. Itrepresents a multifactorialdiseaseatherosclerosis. Itrecallsthebasicsoffirstaid. Thegoalis to create a training program for full-timestudents and therebyincreasetheawarenessofstudents on theimportanceofpreventingcardiovasculardiseases. Thepractical part ofthe thesis, provides evidence ofknowledgeofstudentscontinuingstudiesofthe major risk factorsofcardiovasculardiseases and theirprevention.
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An In-Depth Probe into the Lifestyle of Teenagers and Adolescents Aged 15-26 Living in a Small Village.
ZHORNÁ, Petra
For the composition of the thesis was elected a theme The Profound Probe into lifestyle of adolescent and young people range from 15- 26 years old, living in a small village. The main aim was to gain information, on whose base would be possible to characterize the way how adolescent people between the age of 15- 26 live in village Pojbuky. In theoretic parts are summarized the present knowledge given to phenomenon. For that it was used the content analysis of relevant documents. There are explained and defined important notions related to with the subject mentioned above. The thesis was processed by selecting the qualitative research. For this it was used the questionnaire technique -profounder interview. Thematic spheres of the interview focused on several categories, and then a process of open encoding was used. To pick the research set was used the total selection technique. For choice the above mentioned aims were given three experimental questions: What is most frequent form of spending the free time at current youth in villages? Is there any place and traditions in young peoples lives who live in villages? What risk factors most often influence adolescents and young people in a range of age between 15- 26 years? All these questions were answered in the thesis. The work reflects the present subject of Czech society: the live of contemporary village, namely from the adolescent?s point of view. Ingoing generation, who will influence village settlement, forming the natural landscapes and character of the specific local environment,. Furthermore the work contributes to enrichment in education about the issues of the young peoples lifestyle in villages.
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Risk factors in the development of rating disorders.
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Gabriela
The thesis deals with risk factors for eating disorders. The theoretical part describes the various disorders and thein symptoms and consequences. Further theoretical part analyzes of the emergence of these disorders and thein gradual historical development, which during its existence passed. Another part of the risk factors for eating disorders and possible wals of thein treatment. The practical part is focused on research of modeling as one of the risk factors for eating disorders. This section is based on information obtained through personál interview conducted with respondents from the field of modeling and acting outsider the scope. The resulting data are recorded by means of case studies, tables and graphs.
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The mental bulimia survey
POMYJOVÁ, Daniela
The thesis has both a theoretical and a practical part. Within the theoretical part it deals with problems and the characteristics of food intake failures, especially with the perception of her/his body during maturation, pubescence, adolescence, early adulthood and middle adulthood and the impact of psychological and social factors and risk factors. It points out the possibilities of a probable occurrence of a food intake failures, the attitude of the society and parents. It deals with different attitudes to slenderness, self-esteem, eating habits of girls and how present-day girls are informed about food intake failures. The diploma thesis main aim within a practical part is the illustration of a theoretical part and the description of subjectively sensed possible causes from women who suffered from food intake failures. There are 6 casuistries described here which are subsequently summarized in the results. Possible comments and ideas are mentioned in the discussion.
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