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Orientation nurses to clients´needs or the technical equipment and the parameters ot the clients as a nursing problem
HOUSEROVÁ, Renata
Focus of nurses on clients' needs, technical equipment and client´s parameters as a nursing staff problem. People´s needs can be satisfied individually in different ways, depending on each person´s age, sex and disease, so that this disadvantage can be correctly and adequately removed and relieved with the aim to ensure a quality life of a particular person. The objective of this thesis was to find out the difference between the satisfaction of the clients´ needs in the Long-term care units and Intensive care units. Then it was necessary to recognize the nurses´ focus on the clients´ needs at these units, and to discover how the nurses actively identify and satisfy these individual needs of the clients. In this study we focused on both physiological and psychosocial needs which the nurses try to satisfy using nursing processes. The research was conducted by means of a qualitative research using interviews and hidden monitoring. The clients and nurses from the hospital in Tábor were interviewed, and the interviews were completed and verified by observation. The nurses´ focus on the needs and the satisfaction of the needs is dependent on the unit, which made the greatest difference based on the findings of this study. The nurses from the Intensive care unit shall always satisfy basic physiological needs of the clients without seeing in it any extra work. However, they do not satisfy the clients´ psychosocial needs as it is a short-term hospitalization, and the psychosocial needs are not priority at the given moment, therefore, the nurses may postpone them for a later time. On the other hand, the nurses from the Long-term care unit, which is a long-term hospitalization, shall satisfy both physiological and psychosocial needs, when the clients admitted to the unit are not at risk for life any more. Here higher needs such as safety and surety have to be satisfied, and the nurses of this unit deal with them more intensively than the nurses of the Intensive care units. This research resulted in the fact that each unit has its own specificity in satisfying the needs of its clients, which stems from the actual health of a client. Therefore, the nurses shall always take into consideration the health of the diseased client, ensure that the physiological needs of the client are met, and in addition they shall satisfy the higher needs which are priority at that moment.
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Nursing process in patiens undergoing endoscopic examination methods.
FORŠTOVÁ, Eliška
In recent decades the endoscopy plays an important role in detection and subsequent treatment of diseases, through which the pathological changes in all hollow organs can be viewed and controlled either by physiological or artificial pathway. A great emphasis is put on care which is provided by the medical personal during the endoscopy. The first aim of the thesis was to find out how patients are prepared for the selected endoscopy and how they tolerate this preparation as well as the course and care after the examination and what information patients have about the steps after the endoscopy. The second aim was to find out how nurses prepare patients for the selected endoscopy and take care of them during and after those examinations. The research part of this thesis was processed as a form of qualitative research, a half-designed interview was chosen as a technique of data collection. There were two groups of researched ? patients who have undergone some of the selected endoscopy and nurses who took care of patients before, during and after the examination. The main results, which are summarized in the tables, include findings about the care which was provided to patients and nurser´s activities associated with the correct preparation before, during and after the examination. These tables are based on results of both reports. The results present that the patients are very well prepared by the nurses for selected endoscopy although these examinations are very stressful for the patients. That relates with their perception of care during the nursing process. Neither patients nor nurses can remember the complete set of acts associated with the preparation, the course and the nursing process after the endoscopy. In conclusion, nothing was neglected during the nursing process, including an information guideline after the endoscopy. Based on these results, an information booklet has been prepared which could have great benefits for patients undergoing selected endoscopy ? especially colonoscopy which is the most common endoscopy. The information booklet contains information about a suitable diet (without any left-overs) and food selection that the patient should follow before colonoscopy.
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Specific nursing care about a patient with postherpetic neuralgia
RADOVÁ, Ludmila
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a still widespread viral disease caused by the varicella virus, the same as that responsible for chicken pox, and similarly contagious. Any case of the disease is a strong reason to see a doctor immediately, since proper treatment started in good time can prevent complications. The clients are administered primarily antiviral drugs supported by analgesics to kill the pain. The concomitant blisterlike eruption is treated with liquid powder.In case the treatment is neglected or the medical help sought belatedly, the disease already cured can entail so-called postherpetic neuralgia, a pain that the sufferers describe as shooting, searing, unbearable and persistent. It is a chronic condition attributable to the nervous system and difficult to cure. The disease develops in about 20% of population. The pain is considered postherpetic when it lasts longer than 4 weeks. No exact cause of the pain is known yet, but the experts may ascribe it, for example, to the late beginning of treatment; to improper therapy; or to an overdue appearance at a medical office in case the pain persists. This subject was chosen for the paper since the author encountered several cases of the neuralgia when working at an Outpatient's Department for Neurology. Moreover, the author did not succeed in finding the subject directly addressed in literature, which is true particularly of the specific nursing care.For that reason the author has chosen as Objective 1 to map the specific features of nursing care given to patients suffering the postherpetic neuralgia and as Objective 2 to make an inquiry into the role that nurses can play in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. The research questions then followed from the Objectives. Question 1: What are the specific features of nursing care delivered to postherpetic neuralgia patients? Question 2: Which role can a nurse fulfill in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgias? The Bachelor paper relied on the qualitative method of investigation applied through guided interviews and observation. Thus interviewed were two research sets: one consisting of 5 nurses from the Pain-Relief O.D. or the Neurology O.D., and another comprising 5 clients attending the Outpatient's Departments. The interviews were conducted so as to receive answers to the research questions.Interviews carried out with the nurses brought about a wealth of information useful in developing special methods of nursing clients with postherpetic neuralgia as regards the care of skin; imparting infection-related information; assessment of pain; care of mental condition; and the dietary regimen of the clients. All items of information thus obtained were verified in interviews conducted with the clients.This research question yielded the following findings: nurses engaged in the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia should consistently keep the clients informed, educated and instructed in the proper and regular use of medicines, in the importance of adherence to the prescribed treatment, and in any other regimen measures. Equally important is a timely appearance at a doctor's office, both when the blisters start erupting and when the pain does not stop.Information acquired in the survey could serve to improve the quality of nursing care provided to clients suffering the postherpetic neuralgia.
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The education process for nurses in pediatric primary practice and parents of children with epilepsy
PICKOVÁ, Pavlína
The epilepsy occurs in the whole world without exception of age, race, geographical location and socio-economic structure. The incidence of epilepsy depends on age and influences each time the quality of life of the child and its next relatives. Our children and young people perceive, experience and evaluate their life usually from different points of view than adults including the parents. For this reason the main target of the nurse effort should be the education and involving the family into the process of healing. Also the preventive and educational care is connected with this. The target of thesis was to map if the education by the nurse concerning the regimen measures has influence on knowledge extent of the family of an epileptic child. The work focused, as for quantitative examination, on nurses in the surgeries of physicians for the children and young people (pediatrists) in South Bohemia. By the technology of the questionnaire the possibilities of provided primary and secondary care for children with epilepsy by the nurse and the scope of the co-operation of the nurse with the clubs of epileptics were mapped. Within the qualitative examination, based on the talks with parents of the children with epilepsy, the contribution of the knowledge of regimen measures handed on through the education by nurses in the primary pediatric care was examined. It follows from the results of the quantitative examination that the nurses in the outpatient departments of pediatrists do not devote attention to primary or secondary prevention of epilepsy and simultaneously they do not co-operate with the clubs of epileptics. It was impossible to verify all three hypotheses. It followed from the results of the quantitative examination that nurses in outpatient departments of physicians for children and young people do not sufficiently educate the parents of children with epilepsy. If the education by the nurse in the pediatric primary care has been performed, it was a contribution for parents each time. The results of the thesis lead us to reflection concerning the role of the nurse as educator and simultaneously as defender of the client- child in the outpatient departments of pediatrists. The results of the thesis: I would like to address the nurses in primary care, that they should assert themselves more, educate themselves and get involved into the care for children with epilepsy and hereby help to children to improve their childhood in the way necessary for their healthy growth and development.
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A university educated nurse at the nursing unit - expectations and reality
LESZKOWOVÁ, Dana
Each era has its requirements for the level of education and training system for nursing staff. A person who wants to succeed in his/her profession needs appropriate knowledge, skills and education. The requirements for education are determined by technical possibilities and political arrangement of the society. In the past nurses got along on herbs and knowledge passed from one generation to another. The present time is an era of computers and enormous technical progress. Along with unbelievable developments in technology also the content of the nursing profession has changed. The nursing profession is now becoming a full-fledged and independent scientific discipline. This progress is increasing the requirements for education of healthcare personnel. It requires professionals with university education. The objective of the bachelor thesis has been to identify the expectations of nurses while studying at a university and the reality after they start working at the nursing unit. Six research questions were formulated in the thesis. The thesis used a qualitative method of research. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The interviews consisted of 25 basic questions, while some questions were complemented with additional questions. The interviews were recorded in a written form and subsequently processed. The interviews were processed into case studies. The most important results of the research have been processed into categorization tables. The research group consisted of 10 respondents who worked in different types of healthcare facilities in Prachatice, České Budějovice and in Prague. The research indicates that most of the nurses have used in practice the new knowledge acquired in the course of their studies. The results of the thesis may serve as an incentive for further quantitative research.
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Specific nursing care for clients of the Japanese minority
HRÁZSKÁ, Kateřina
Abstract It is well known that many different minorities are living in the territory of the Czech Republic, one of which is a Japanese minority. Healthcare professionals should have sufficient information about this not-very-numerous minority to ensure the provision of high-quality nursing care. This thesis is entitled ? Specifics of nursing care for clients/patients from the Japanese minority? and comprises two main parts. The first theoretical part describes the Japanese, their culture, habits and language, communication in multicultural nursing, and the nursing process and educational activities of nurses in the multicultural nursing environment. The second part covers research identifying the specifics of the Japanese minority in the area of nursing care. Experiences of the clients/patients from this minority with hospitalization in healthcare facilities and with the provision of specific nursing care in the Czech Republic were also examined. The qualitative form of investigation was used in this work. Data was obtained from a semi-structural interview with four members of the Japanese minority living in the Czech Republic. The interview contained 86 questions compiled according to the conceptual models for nursing practice by Gordon and Leininger. Based on the data obtained, case records were prepared and processed into categorization tables. After evaluating the results of the investigation, the following 4 hypotheses were formulated: H1 The Japanese minority has special dietary habits. H2 Patients from the Japanese minority have had a positive experience with hospitalization in the Czech Republic. H3 No language barrier exists in patients from the Japanese minority. H4 Patients from the Japanese minority have no specific requirements for nursing care. The results of the investigation were summarized in the Manual of Nursing Care for clients/patients from the Japanese minority, with the main objective of facilitating healthcare professionals´provision of nursing care for these patients/clients.
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Nurses´ Influence on Regimen of Breast-Feeding Mothers
HARANTOVÁ, Klára
Abstract Breastfeeding has been given a close attention in the last decade so the awareness of nursing mothers and health care staff seem to be sufficient. However, latest surveys have disclosed the necessity of further education of both groups and the need to cooperate closely. This Bachelor work is focused on healthy diet of nursing mothers as well as the impact of education and midwives´ behaviour towards the mothers on making healthy food choices while breastfeeding. The aim of this work was to find out the ways of nursing mothers´ nutrition and to map the benefits of education centred on healthy diet. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The first one deals with historical views of postpartum and lactation periods, the trends in nursing mothers´ nutrition, the education provided by midwives and lactation consultancy. The latter part analyses survey information. A quantitative research technique, an anonymous questionnaire, was used for getting required information. There were 128 questionnaires given to respondents and 103 of them were brought back. The survey was carried out in the paediatric consulting rooms in Strakonice, Volyně and an obstetric department in Strakonice. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that nursing mothers maintain healthy diet while breastfeeding, mostly thanks to information provided by midwives. The findings of the research survey, as a source of appropriate information, could be afforded to midwives of in-patient and out-patient departments so that the education of nursing mothers can be spread and improved.
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Differences in nutrition of seniors who live at retirement home and at home care
HRAŇOVÁ, Běla
The bachelor´s thesis focuses on differences in the nutrition of senior citizens living in the retirement home and the nutrition of those subject to home care. The goal of the thesis was to survey the senior citizens´ awareness of healthy diet, to map the senior citizens´ eating habits and to find out whether the diet composition has been affected by economic standing of the senior citizens.
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Contribution of sisters and ward sisters to the nursing care quality
NEKLOVÁ, Lenka
This degree work concerns the role of sisters and ward sisters and their share in the nursing care quality. The theoretical part of the work is divided into three sections. Section one presents sisters and ward sisters as active members of the nursing management. Section two deals with the managements functions of the sister staff and their impact on the nursing care quality. Section three reviews the basic issues of the nursing care quality. The purpose of section one was to review the scope of activities of sisters and ward sisters with respect to the nursing care quality. The purpose of section two was to identify the key difficulties preventing sisters and wards sisters from increasing the nursing care quality. The purpose of section three was to analyse the working relationships between sisters and ward sisters with respect to the nursing care quality. While mapping out the situation in the selected hospital (the Faculty Hospital in Plzeň), we asked the following six research questions: 1. What are the areas where the hospital sisters may affect the nursing care quality? 2. What obstacles the sisters can see preventing them from taking part in continuous improvements in the nursing care quality? 3. How do the hospital sisters co-operate with the respective ward sisters concerning the nursing care quality? 4. What are the areas where the ward sisters may affect the nursing care quality? 5. Are there any obstacles preventing the ward sisters from taking part in continuous improvements in the nursing care quality? 5. How do the ward sisters co-operate with the respective sisters concerning the nursing care quality? The questions were asked during informal discussions with ten sisters and ten wards sisters at the Faculty Hospital in Plzeň. The information and data collected were processed using the framework analysis method whereby the answers to the research questions were derived. The research identified the following main problems preventing the hospital sisters and ward sisters from increasing the nursing care quality: inefficient time management on the side of ward sisters, insufficient competencies of ward sisters regarding staff remuneration, insufficient application of the existing nursing-care quality improvement tools by both sisters and ward sisters, limited engagement of the hospital sisters and ward sisters in creation of internal standard procedures, and reluctant attitudes of the hospital staff to changes. Based on the shortcomings identified through our research we have worked out proposals on practical improvements.
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The History of Sokol in Písek
OBERMAYER, Jan
This bachelor thesis is concerned with history of Sokol organization in Písek from its foundation up to today. During its evolution in time, activities of Sokol faced many adversities and the organization was also disbanded several times. Members of Sokol were very proud and honest patriots. They defended the republic during World War I., fought in Czechoslovak legions and acted as military police preventing plundering and total chaos. The expansion after World War II., referenced as the Golden Age, lasted only for 20 years, until its interruption by World War II. Despite difficult conditions the organization attained a particular level of development. Every fifteenth citizen of the country was its member and the number of participating members got close to 1 million. Sokol supported a sense for Czech patriotism, which culminated by the means of a demonstration on the 20th Sokol festival in 1938. In the following difficult war period, Sokol members were persecuted for their patriotism by Nazi occupants, about 12 000 members were imprisoned and 3 300 of them died in concentration camps. Also, Písek members lost their best officials and participants. In the 1941 the organization was dissolved again and its property was confiscated. After long 40 years of communist totalitarian rule and its eventual collapse, Sokol organization came back to life in 1990. The system of physical training has been greatly transformed since then, as the whole training sector went through major innovations. Earlier Sokol`s exercising is now conceived as an universal preparation for children and conditional training for adults, but now based on a modern attitude. Many changes in form and content helped to attract new supporters.
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