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Proliferace a dynamika tkání během vývoje zubů a jim pribuzných patrových lišt
Rothová, Michaela ; Peterková, Renata (advisor) ; Matalová, Eva (referee) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
My PhD thesis has addressed specific questions regarding cell proliferation and tissue dynamics in three key areas of craniofacial development: during suppression and revitalization of tooth buds that develop in the mouse embryonic dentition as rudiments of lost premolars; during dental papilla and follicle formation of the first mouse molar; and during origin of palatal rugae on the mouse hard palate. By evaluation of cell proliferation, we recorded a change in the proliferation pattern along the cheek region of the mandible between less and more advanced embryos at embryonic day 13.5. Thus during the time period, when the development of the large mouse rudimental premolar primordium (R2) is stopped, we showed that the arrest of the rudiment R2 is caused by exhibiting low rate of cell proliferation and high rate of apoptosis. When Sprouty gene signalling is disrupted, the premolar primordium shows rates of proliferation and apoptosis similar to the growing first molar. The R2 subsequently revitalizes and develops into a supernumerary tooth in front of the first molar. Furthermore, we discovered that the dental mesenchyme is very dynamic tissue during bud and cap stages of tooth development and that the dental papilla of the first molar originates only from a restricted region of the dental...
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Early tooth development of Tabby mice
Smrčková, Lucie ; Peterková, Renata (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
The developing mouse dentition is a very useful tool to study molecular regulation of odontogenesis and also organogenesis. The embryonic mouse dentition comprises developing functional tooth primordia as well as rudimentary tooth primordia. These rudiments arrest their growth during development and either degenerate or become a part of a functional tooth. Mice with gene defects also allow elucidation of a function of genes, their products and signalling pathways. The protein ectodysplasin is essential for development of ectodermal derivatives - skin, hair, glands and teeth. The Tabby mice have a mutation in the Eda gene, which encodes the protein ectodysplasin, and they display a number of dentition anomalies. Early development of the lower jaw dentition in Tabby embryos has been already morphologically described. As a prerequisite for understanding regulatory mechanisms of odontogenesis in Tabby mice, it is also necessary to map the spatiotemporal dynamics of signalling centres that express Shh in both the rudimentary and functional tooth primordia. The aim of this thesis was to compare the signalling centres based on the Shh expression and its spatiotemporal dynamics in the lower jaw of Tabby and WT mouse embryos. Then the Shh data were correlated with known morphological data to clarify the...
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Morphological variability of the incisor in mutant mice
Lochovská, Kateřina ; Churavá, Svatava (referee) ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor)
Myš je nejfrekventovaněji používaným experimentálním modelovým organismem pro studium vývoje zubů. Myší funkční dentice obsahuje jeden řezák oddělený od tří molárů dlouhou bezzubou diastemou v každém čelistním kvadrantu. Cílem této práce bylo shrnout poznatky o myší dentici a jejím vývoji se zaměřením na myší řezáky a jejich patologie. Myší řezák je díky svým vlastnostem jedinečným zubem. Charakteristickou vlastností hlodavců jsou právě kontinuálně rostoucí řezáky. Tyto řezáky jsou pokryté sklovinou pouze na labiální straně. Lingvální povrch je tvořen pouze dentinem. Toto je spojeno s asymetrickou abrazí. Nicméně je také častým cílem mutací, ať už v podobě delece nebo jiné modifikace genů. Tyto mutace dentálních signálních drah jsou studovány na mutantních myších jako jsou například Tabby myši, Sprouty nebo Small eye (Sey) mutantní myši a mnoho dalších. Některé mutace jsou homologní k lidským onemocněním. Například X-vázaný tabby (Ta) syndrom u myší je považován za homolog hypohidrotické ektodermální dysplásie (HED) u lidí. Tato mutace napadá velikost řezáku, jeho tvar a pozici stejně jako cytodiferenciaci. Dále se může objevit hypodoncie, anodoncie nebo nějaké morfologické změny napadající ostatní existující zuby. Abnormality v počtu, velikosti a tvaru zubu byly dobře zdokumentovány v lidské...
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Positive displacement pump design
Poprac, Martin ; Sluše, Jan (referee) ; Klas, Roman (advisor)
This bachelor work is about basic types of positive displacement pumps, focused on their design, advantages and disadvantages and their applications. In the second part of the work we are focused on the possibilities of reducing noise levels of some types of positive displacement pumps. The whole work consists of many pictures and diagrams for the better understanding.
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The level of dental hygiene for students at the Faculty of Education at South Bohemia University in Czech Budweis
VESELÁ, Helena
The topic of the dental hygiene is presently current for all ages and it is attached more and more importance. Therefore, this bachelor thesis maps the level of knowledge about dental hygiene and respect for the rule preventing oral disease among students of Faculty of Education University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. It consists of a theoretical part, which deals with dentistry, dental hygiene, anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity. This part also informs about the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases of the oral cavity. The theoretical part also deals with primary and secondary prevention, which has a large impact on reducing the incidence of diseases of the dental apparatus. The practical part focuses on the awareness of students of the Faculty of Education in dental hygiene and primary prevention of diseases of the oral cavity with the help of questionnaires. Evaluated questionnaires were processed in graphs and tables together with the verbal commentary that speaks about awareness regarding dental hygiene and the primary prevention of periodontal diseases among students of the Faculty of Education University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Another aim of the work was based on a questionnaire survey suggest an educational program for college students. The main theme of this program is the dental hygiene and the best practices to promote good dental hygiene habits and the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.
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Onemocnění zubů u koní
Světlíková, Kateřina
In my thesis I deal with the quality and condition of horse teeth in the Czech Republic. To evaluate my thesis I received the necessary data from treatment by dental technician. While working on my work 69 horses were judged. I focused on the incidence of the most common defects of horse's teeth, the influence of factors such as type of housing, work load, frequency of treatment on quality of horse teeth and dental health. Furthermore, I concentrated on the frequency of occurrence of canines with mares, influence of tooth quality on the nutritional state of horses, most often treated breed, sex and average age of treated horses. Last monitored features were horses manner during the entire treatment process. The data was statistically analyzed and described. I divided horses into 5 groups by the quality and condition of their teeth. We treated horses with average age 13,4 years. Most treated horses were Czech warmbloods and sex was the most represented by geldings. Teeth in good quality wre found in overwhelming majority of monitored horse, preferably the horses stabled in boxes. Most horses have been treated their teeth by grinding regalularly every year. The horses were optimum nutritional condition, regardless of the quality and condition of the teeth. The most frequent defect of equine teeth was the presence of wolf teeth and creating dental hooks. Data in bibliography concerning frequency of occurence of canines with monitored mares were verifed and mostly the whole process of treatment went off without any problems.
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Description of dental injuries in adolescent boys in micro České Budějovice and design of health educational material.
ČAPKOVÁ, Martina
Stomatology is a medical specialization which deals with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of orofacial system. If we want to have clean and healthy teeth without ache, gingivitis and other problems, we have to take care of our teeth properly. To do so effectivly, we need to have konwledge of tooth structure and development. Dentists meet tooth injuries very often, nowadays dental traumatology is considered as a specific stomatology specialization. Even separate international conventions are organizaed to discuss with this topic. Prothetic dentistry deals with tooth replacement in such cases when teeth are demaged by dental caries, injury or other reasons. By using prothetics it is possible to replace individual tooth, its part or groups of missing teeth and even complete all teeth into entirely toothless jaw. Today´s trend is leading towards to usage of fixed replacements, which are considered as the best solution from both views, esthetic and functional. Theoretical part deals with tooth anatomy, individual injuries, their diangnosis and treatment, esthetic solutions after tooth injuries, dental hygiene and first aid when teeth injured. Pratical part presents reults of the most common tooth injuries, their causes, their impacts on human health and if injuries affect dental hygiene.
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Microstructure of a tribosphenic molar - comparative analysis
ŠPOUTIL, František
The proposed thesis concerns in the study of tribosphenic molar, the key apomorphy of mammalian clade, mainly in structure and development of its enamel coat. As the main model species served us European vespertilionid bat Myotis myotis. The aims of this thesis are: (1) to describe structure and microstructure of enamel in tribosphenic molars in detail; (2) to compare it with unicuspid teeth of the same dentition; (3) to describe mineralization process and enamel maturation in insectivorous dentition; (4) to describe late odontogenesis in molars of insectivorous dentition and its interlacing with enamel maturation, and how they come to occlusion.
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Pubescent Dental Hygiene Education
MÁČALÍKOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis deals with the stance of pubescent to oral hygiene. Theoretical part aims at the anatomy and physiology of buccal cavity, psychology of pubescent youths and next most frequent teeth troubles, such as caries, pulpitis and parodontosis. Their primary etiology, diagnostic, therapy and prevention are described. The noticeable part is devoted to oral hygiene, its resources, methods of teeth cleaning and prevention also. Practical part describes monitoring of the work of dental hygienist with dental braces and her contribution to the overall state of the dental. The empirical part of this study was realized by questionnaires. Required information, in sphere of oral hygiene from respondents, is included in experimental part of the work. Obtained information is turned into graphs which made the result of stance of pubescent to oral hygiene. The framework of results is a key for putting together the enlightenment leaflets focused onto the target group, as well as education program for second degree of the elementary school.
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