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The disruption of the circadian system in bipolar disorder and its association with the polymorphism of L-type calcium channel
Filipovská, Eva ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Novosadová, Zuzana (referee)
Bipolar affective disorder is a serious psychiatric disease with prevalence of about 1% in general population. Typical symptoms are mood changes: manic periods are followed by depressions, with possible asymptomatic period of variable duration between them. It alters patient's everyday life and often leads to suicidal tendencies. Bipolar disorder is related to impaired circadian rhytms that are regulated from suprachiasmatic nuclei in hypothalamus. Impaired circadian rhytms in bipolar disorder are manifested by abnormalities of sleep and daily activity and by disrupted circadian secretion of several hormons. One of many factors that link bipolar disorder to circadian system at molecular level is the function of voltage-dependent calcium channels of L-type. Expression of these channels is regulated by the clock genes and their proper function is important for maintaining endogenous oscillations in the main oscillator located in suprachiasmatic nuclei. A common finding in patients with bipolar disorder is polymorphism of the gene for 1 subunit of the Cav1.2 channel. Abnormal function of calcium channels, consequent to the polymorphism, may be one of the causes that alter circadian rhytms in bipolar disorder. Key words: circadian system, suprachiasmatic nucleus, bipolar disorder, L-type calcium...
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Annotated Czech Translation of Selected Chapters from "Bipolar Disorder : A Guide for Patients and Families."; Francis Mark Mondimore; Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006
Baštanová, Petra ; Mraček, David (advisor) ; Hájková, Jarmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first one is a Czech translation of two sections of the part IV from the book Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families by Francis Mark Mondimore. The text refers to a mental disorder and issues that are associated with the disorder in everyday life. The second part is an analysis of the translation. The analysis begins with an outline of the intratextual and extratextual factors of the original text. It is followed by an overview of the problems that appeared during the process, and their solutions, and then the analysis deals with the translation methods and shifts. Key words: translation, analysis of translation, translation shift, bipolar disorder, psychiatric patient, emergency, insurance.
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Patient with bipolar affective disorder- a point of view of a nurse, patient and his family members.
ČERNOHORSKÁ, Klára
Bipolar Affective Disorder, earlier called ´manic depressive psychosis´ is a mental illness during which sistuations of mania and depression take turns in the affected person. In the past, not much attention was paid to this illness, the ill people were considered insane. Nowadays, mental illnesses are discussed more frequently, still, they are stigmatized. Because in many cases two mood extremes take turns, the illness is not difficult just for the patient, but also for those who take care for them. The family is often afraid of the illness, that is why it is important to inform them and give information on suitable cooperation a help to the ill individual. In the theoretical part the bipolar disorder was characterized, its proces in individual episodes was described, we specified the symptoms. It deals with different forms which may occur in bipolar disorder. Diagnosis and cure of the illness are also described. The theory is closed up with bipolar disorder cormobidity to other illnesses and suicidality, which is closely connected to this illness. To fulfill the aims of this bachelor thesis, a qualitative research was used, an interview method and a semi-structured interview technique. The research part of this thesis has the aim of clarifying the subjective viewpoint of a life with bipolar affective disorder in patients and their family relatives. The second aim was to find out what form of help is suitable for the patient from the family´s side and how the family is trying to help them. As the last task, specific features in nursing and communication with the patient suffering from bipolar affective disorder were ascertained. The research file for the first and second aim was made of patients who were diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder, and the family or people who lived wih the ill person or who took care for him or her. The specific features of nursing were being acquired from the medical staff working in the psychiatric department where they come into contact with patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder most often. The research in patients has clarified the fact that living with bipolar disorder is not easy. This is perceived by both the patient and the family of the ill individuals. The family often feel they can no longer carry on with living beside the ill person. Patients suffering from the bipolar affective disorder are willing to accept help if it is adequate. Often, it is the case that the family help too much and that makes the patient feel ill, uncooperative, and impossible. Nursing care has emphasized rules of communicationwith a patient suffering from bipolar affective disorder as well as care for such a patient which includes especially some daily regime, basic daily activities, and personal care. Hospitalization care differs from home care because medical workers are experienced in communicating with such patients, while the family needs to be explained how to act in certain situations, and what to be careful about.
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Signal complexity evaluation in the processing of functional magnetic resonance imaging
Vyhnánek, Jan ; Boldyš, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been recently the most common tool for examining the neural activity in human and animals. The goal of a typical data-mining challenge is the localisation of brain areas activated during a cognitive task which is usually performed using a linear model or correlation methods. For this purpose several authors have proposed the use of methods evaluating signal complexity which could possibly overcome some of the shortcomings of the standards methods due to their independence on a priori knowledge of data characteristics. This work explains possibilities of using such methods including aspects of their configuration and it proposes an evaluation of performance of the methods applied on simulated data following expected biological characteristics. The results of the evaluation of performance showed little advantage of these methods over the standard ones in cases when the standard methods were possible to apply. However, some of the methods evaluating signal complexity were found useful for determining the regularity of signals which is a feature that cannot be assessed by the standard methods. Optimal parameters of the methods evaluating signal regularity were determined on simulated data and finally the methods were applied on the data examining emotional processing of...
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