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Attitude of the public towards disease prevention and possibilities of a nurse regarding this issue
VLADYKOVÁ, Kateřina
Abstrakt The topic of my thesis is {\clqq}Attitude of the public towards disease prevention and possibilities of a nurse regarding this issue{\crqq}. Health, as defined in 1946 by the World Health Organization, is {\clqq}a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.{\crqq} People can put their health in danger but on the other hand they can protect it and recover. It is therefore important to motivate, support and provide people with enough information so that they can look after their health properly. The thesis has two parts, a theoretical part and an investigative part. The theoretical part is focused on preventive medical examinations, various types of vaccination (compulsory vaccination, additional vaccination or special vaccination), health education and the prevention itself. The research was carried out by the method of quantitative research. Data were collected by questioning, by the questionnaire method. The research sample were members of the non-medical public coming from several regions of the Czech republic. Altogether, 150 questionnaires were handed out, the rate of return was 100 %. The respondents were members of the non-medical public over 18 years of age, from all education levels and from all walks of life. Three age groups were made up, the first group was from 18 years to 35 years, the second group from 36 years to 49 years and the third group consisted of citizens older than 50 years. Likewise, three education groups were created, in the first group were persons with basic education - without the General Certificate of Education, in the second group were secondary school graduates with the General Certificate of Education and the third group consisted of university graduates. The third criterion was comparison according to profession where citizens were classified as administrative staff or manual workers. The objective of my thesis was to find out the attitude of members of the non-medical public towards disease prevention in general, in particular towards preventive medical examinations and vaccination. Another objective of the thesis was to find out how members of the non-medical public view their role in care for their own health. The last objective was to find out how members of the non-medical public view the role of a nurse in care for their health. Except the main objectives we set two partial objectives as well. To compare attitudes of people to disease prevention according to age, education and profession, and the second partial objective was to survey desires and suggestions of members of the non-medical public regarding care for their own health by age, education and profession. Six hypotheses were stated. H1 {--} Members of the non-medical public go the preventive medical examinations, H2 {--} Members of the non-medical public follow compulsory vaccination, H3 {--} Members of the non-medical public younger than 35 years take active care of their own health, H4 {--} Members of the non-medical public older than 50 years expect activity from medical staff in care for their health, H5 {--} University graduates are more active than citizens with lower education as far as disease prevention is concerned, H6 {--} Members of non-medical public working as administrative staff have easier access to information regarding disease prevention than manual workers. The thesis could be used for educational purposes and also could help nurses to create preventive programs for the public and thus improve awareness of the general public.
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General Public Awareness about Vaccination before Going Abroad
BROMOVÁ, Martina
This thesis deals with attitude of Czech travellers towards prevention of infectious diseases that can affect them during their stays in overseas destinations. The main objective of this work is to investigate awareness and interest of travellers in vaccination before going abroad. The theoretical part is focused on principles of good preparation for going abroad and also on infectious diseases that can complicate the stay abroad. The focus of the theoretical part is epidemiological characteristics of selected infectious diseases which pose a risk for travellers particularly in areas of Asia, South America and Africa. The practical part involves quantitative research carried out with 104 people, who in 2010 travelled overseas. Research covers information on infectious diseases, on risks connected with stays overseas and on the use of recommended preventive measures. For data collection I applied the method of questioning, the technique of a questionnaire. The research was indirect, via emails. The objective of the thesis was, above all, to highlight the need and importance to ensure quality information for citizens travelling overseas about possibilities of prevention of selected diseases through vaccination and the use of prophylactic medication and about the necessity of good hygiene in the above mentioned areas. The output of the thesis might be used as a basis for targeted focus on education of public through the cooperation of specialists with media or travel agencies. At the same time the thesis might be used as study material for both lay persons and as a basis for further research.
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VACCINATION OF MEDICAL WORKERS ON THE SELECTED HOSPITAL WARDS AGAINST VIRUS HEPATITIS B
KOŽENÁ, Martina
This Bachelor's work is summary of questions of viral hepatitis B touch the medical workers. Theoretical part describe causal agent of VHB, his clinical progression, diagnostic and treatment for VHB. In the next section we point at prevention which is very important. This contains preventive measures, vaccination, prophylaxis and repressive measures. Problems of epidemiology such as VHB transmission, world and Czech occurrence, incidence of VHB on medical workers at least describes the third section. In the practical part was find out vaccination against viral hepatitis B and explored the occurrence of viral hepatitis B.
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Improvement nurse standard "vaccinations" in primary care about child
MÁCOVÁ, Veronika
Application of the ?vaccination? nursing standard in primary child care Vaccination is a topic having been discussed since the very beginning. It is one of the most important parts of prevention of infectious diseases. Thanks to vaccination we only know some infectious diseases from historical resources nowadays. The vaccination history is not really long, however vaccination has helped save a lot of children lives. Despite undisputable benefit of vaccination there are still more opponents of vaccination, whose arguments are very often groundless or taken out of context. Diseases that had been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccination have spread in countries where some vaccination ended. This is why vaccination is so important. There are a lot of vaccines on the market nowadays, new vaccination substances still appear and compulsory and no-compulsory vaccination is being changed with gradual scientific development. My thesis presents a complex outline of information on children vaccination and vaccination procedures. The aim of the thesis was to explore the present situation and vaccination procedures applied by practitioners for children and adolescents. Another aim was to develop a nursing standard for children vaccination and to check its practical applicability. To meet these goals the thesis is divided into a theoretical part including structured information on children vaccination and vaccination procedures in the past and at present. The practical pat of the thesis is focused on quantitative examination of the present situation, vaccination procedures and collection of information on novelties in vaccination in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which was distributed to 130 surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents in Vysočina and South Bohemia regions. 93 of the 130 questionnaires were suitable for processing. The practical part then contains an audit and an inquiry about the elaborated nursing standard performed in 6 surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The questionnaire and the inquiry were anonymous. Both the set goals were met. The results show that there are differences both in vaccination procedures and in approach to children vaccination in the individual surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The research results also point out that information on vaccination is sufficient, however unclear. The result of the audit and the inquiry showed that the elaborated standard is practically applicable and is beneficial for nurses. These result confirm that a nurse always participates in vaccination process, which is why it is important for her to be informed enough on children vaccination and related activities and to be able to perform vaccination as well as related administration. The thesis may be useful in my opinion as it contains complex and structured information on children vaccination. This is why it may be used both in a surgery of a practitioner for children and adolescents and for educational purposes. Of course with consideration to vaccination related amendments of the Ministry of Health Care.
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A new variation of influenza A ("Pandemic H1N1 2009") - the issue of awareness of vaccination among seniors.
BEČKOVÁ, Věra
The theme of my thesis is the issue of the new strain of influenza A (H1N1 Pandemic 2009) and the associated awareness of vaccination amongst the elderly. The work is divided into two parts, a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, I tried to comprehensively process the available knowledge on the origins, epidemiology and prevention of influenza with particular emphasis on vaccination, oriented towards the elderly. The practical part is focused on mapping the awareness of the elderly of the issue of vaccination against influenza and analysis of results from a research exploratory investigation. The data acquisition method I used was quantitatively oriented research using anonymus questionnaires. Altogether, I distribued 350 questionnaires; the final number for data processing was 191 questionnaires. In connection with the work I set four hypotheses: 1) More than a third of respondents were vaccinated against the new strain of influenza A (H1N1 Pandemic 2009), 2) The most common reason for not being vaccinated was a lack of information. 3) The size of the place of residence significantly contributes statistically to a sense of awareness of respondents on this issue, 4) More than half of respondents would like to obtain more information on the issue of the new strain of influenza type A (Pandemic H1N1 2009). I confirmed or refuted the formulated the hypotheses based on survey evaluation. The results of the survey showed that most respondents do not feel that they are sufficiently informed about the issue of the new strain of influenza, and therefore discard the use of vaccinations. With this work I would like to stress the importance of information, which can help people consider the risks of influenza and motivate them to be vaccinated. Vaccination is an important means of protection against influenza viruses particulary for high-risk groups including the elderly. For this reason I consider the dissemination of information as very important and I hope that my thesis also serves this purpose.
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Womenś Informed Awareness of Cervical Cancer Prevention
GAŠPÁRKOVÁ, Věra
The purpose of my thesis was to determine the level of women's awareness of cervical cancer prevention, because cervical cancer is a serious disease affecting women of all age categories. As the occurrence of the disease is relatively high nowadays and there is no organized screening for cervical cancer in our country, it is useful to survey the awareness of women of preventive examinations available, as well as the possibility of vaccination against the HPV infection. The survey was conducted by the quantitative research method. Data were collected by the anonymous questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were addressed to women of all age categories in different places of the South Bohemian region. A total of 160 questionnaires had been handed out, 95 % of which came back filled in. Some of them could not be taken into account due to inaccurate data, so the final number of relevant responses was 148 (100%). The data were gathered in October, November and December 2008. In the thesis I stated six objectives and six hypotheses referring to women's awareness of cervical cancer prevention, vaccination and their attendance in preventive examinations. All the goals were met and the research was to confirm or reject the hypotheses stated. The first hypothesis presumed that young teenage girls under 18 are not informed of preventive gynaecological examinations. The evaluation of questionnaires of that age group did not confirm the hypothesis. All the other hypotheses were confirmed, and so good awareness of women was identified. It is advisable to provide education on cervical cancer prevention in practice. Midwives can inform women in hospitals, consulting rooms and other health care facilities. To spread useful information, special brochures and leaflets as well as other sources such as the Internet can be used and special lectures can be organized. The results of my research can be published in specialist magazines. The purpose of cervical cancer prevention is an early detection, treatment and consequently mortality rate reduction in women with this diagnosis. But every woman is fully responsible for her own health and she is the one to care most.
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Preparation of the pandemic plan - the course of the influenza pandemy caused by the Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus in the Pilsen region.
VELKOBORSKÁ, Marcela
An influenza is an illness annually affecting 5-15 percent of the world population. During the influenza pandemy 40-50 percent of world population can be affected and millions of people can die.The measures resulting from the pandemic plans help to limit the influenza virus spreading, to reduce morbidity and mortality. In April 2009 the first cases of the flue pandemic caused by Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus occurred on the American continent, in the Czech Republic there was the first case registered in May, in the Pilsen region in July. Based on these facts I decided to assess the pandemic plans at the level of the Pilsen region and to analyse the course of the pandemy in the Pilsen region too. Having studied the Pandemic plan of the Pilsen region and the Pandemic plan of the Regional Hygiene Station of the Pilsen Region I got to the conclusion that in case of the pandemy caused by the highly virulent tribe of the influenza it would not be possible to use up the pandemic plans efficiently. The disadvantages concern mainly the way of the distribution of the pandemic vaccine and antivirotics. The other disadvantage is the absence of a parenteral form of antivirotics. A bad awarness of the inhabitants also came out effecting mass rejection of vaccination by the pandemic vaccine and preventative taking antivirotics. The analyse of the course of the pandemy in the Pilsen region proved that at many patients with the flue pandemic there was present a risky factor of more serious course of the influenza in the anamnesis. If these patients had been vaccinated by the pandemic vaccine they had been entitled for, they could have been protected against this illness, for some of them the vaccination might have meant life-saving. It was also proved that originally the pandemic tribe of Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus became the causer of the common seasonal influenza in the season of 2010-2011.
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HOW EDUCATION AFFECTS WOMEN IN THE VYSOČINA REGION TO USE A POSSIBILITY OF CERVICAL CANCER VACCINATION
ŠIDLÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor´s work captures a level of knowledge of present-day girls and young women about cervical cancer. It shows their attitude towards the possibility of cervical cancer vaccination, if they know the fees, a number of doses, risk factors etc. The work is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical ones. The theoretical part describes the current status-the anatomy of female reproductive organs, the history, occurence, causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnoses, possibilities of treatment and mainly prevention. The practical part contains targets and hypotheses, methods, results of the research that are transferred into the graphs. The practical part also includes a discussion where the results, obtained through my own research, are thought about. The results are further compared with similar conclusions of other authors. All is completed by my own opinion.
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Analysis of hygiene knowledge level as for 1st up to 3rd class pupils in Primary School Hradská Humpolec
PRŮŠOVÁ, Ivana
My thesis deals with hygienic knowledge monitoring of pupils at the age of 6 up to 10 years attending Hradská Elementary School in Humpolec. Further it is focused on pupil´s education related to the significance of observing hygienic rules and potential consequences which can result in case of their breach. In the end, after carrying out the education, I evaluated the pupils´ knowledge of the problems in question. The initial part of my thesis gives information about hygiene history, basic hygienic habits, selected infectious diseases of child age, these infections epidemiologic characteristic, diagnostics, clinical knowledge, precautionary measures and vaccination problems. This part was elaborated by using method of secondary data analysis. The quantitative research and lecture on the theme "Precaution of infectious disease with practising the right method of washing hands? were carried out in the second part of my thesis. The data acquired via two questionnaire inquiries are evaluated statistically by means of graphs. The acquired results are under discussion in the third part of my thesis. The pupils have basic knowledge of body care; they know which hygienic habits they should observe. Unfortunately they do not always do it. The necessity of hygienic rules observance is not preferred by children because they do not realize their importance. Children should improve their dental hygiene and method of washing hands. Observing hygiene is important in infectious diseases precaution and indisputably also because of everybody's feeling fine. In my opinion the education has an influence on improving the knowledge level in the field of hygienic habits and therefore its implementation makes sense. My thesis can be used as information material for work in the given field. Its results can be used to increase the children's knowledge level in personal hygiene.
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