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Interreligious dialogue and bioethics
RODKOVÁ, Iveta
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of interreligious dialogue and bioethics. The thesis analyses ethical context of specific biomedical issues, namely euthanasia, abortion, assisted reproduction and embryonic stem cells research viewed through the eyes of three world monotheistic religions (Christianity, Judaism and Islam). Sacred books, published documents and further available sources are used to explain the approach of those religions to the bioethical issues (answering the questions of why and how these religions approach the issues). The aim of the theoretical piece of work is to show observed differences and similarities. At the beginning of the thesis there is a general description of the religions in the context of medical ethics. It briefly characterizes religious beliefs and shows documents which these ethical beliefs are based on. The work shows differences but also common features of monotheistic religions. After the religions are discussed in general there is a chapter focused exclusively on interreligious dialogue. The thesis stresses out the importance of an open discussion between religions which leads to unity and reconciliation. Interreligious dialogue represents openness to unknown and willingness to a discussion. It is not possible not to mention a project called Global Ethic by a Swiss professor of theology Hans Küng, who is thoroughly interested in an interreligious dialogue mentioned above. Further chapters of the diploma thesis deal with specific bioethical questions and with the approach of Judaism, Christianity and Islam to these questions. Firstly, the thesis focuses on the issue of euthanasia followed by abortions, assisted reproduction and finally by embryonic stem cells research. The knowledge gained by studying the available sources shows that out of the listed bioethical issues world religions are mostly uniform in the opinion on euthanasia. All the monotheistic religions refer to untouchability and sanctity of human life from its beginning to natural death. It is only God who is a creator and possessor of all creation. That is why euthanasia and assisted suicide is seen negatively and at a distance as an act which does not belong to the hands of man. In 2005 the representatives of the three monotheistic religions in the Czech Republic signed a document in which they express their common negative attitude to the issue of euthanasia. Contrary to the opinion expressing agreement on the end of human life, which is seen by all the religions as the moment of natural death, there is a non-uniform opinion on its beginning. The differences in opinions of Christians, Jews and Muslims on the beginning of human life shape their attitude to abortions, assisted reproductions and also to embryonic stem cells research. In Christianity human life begins at the moment of conception and therefore from ethical point of view it has the most controversial attitude to such medical techniques. The life of the mother is valued in the same way as the life of the fetus. In Judaism an embryo has got lower status than an unborn child, therefore this religion has a slightly more benevolent attitude than Christianity. However, certain boundaries which are discussed below must be followed. In Islam the point crucial for the questions of abortion, assisted reproduction and embryonic cell stems research is when a soul is breathed into a fetus. It is only after this moment when embryo gains the status of a human person and therefore becomes untouchable. Islam and Judaism have a less strict attitude to the bioethical issues (except for euthanasia) than Christianity. The diploma thesis presents a review of opinions and values of certain monotheistic religions on bioethics issues with the concentration on interreligious dialogue. It brings an overview of similarities and differences in ethical opinions.
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Modern Sacral Architecture.
PODROUŽKOVÁ, Petra
The thesis deals with European sacral architecture of the twentieth and the twenty-first century. Particularly, it refers to Judaic, Roman-Catholic and Islamic buildings. The second part puts into historical context the sacral constructions of individual religions including their function, characters and typology. In the third part of this thesis the representative sample of significant modern sacral constructions is selected, always under circumstances regarding their creation, the urban description and the setting in a specific location as well as the architectural layout, the interior arrangment and a possible use of special technological procedures at their construction. The mutual comparison and the evaluation of the modern European sacral architecture development are carried out in the fourth part. This section notices the function and the usage of light and presents some extraordinary buildings from this point of view. The final fifth part tries to answer the question, how a modern temple should look like.
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Leisure-time and society activities of Jews living in Prague from the end of 19th century to 1939
HRONOVÁ, Kateřina
The study deals with Prague Jews and their free time in the period between the end of 19th century and the year 1939. It focuses on society and leisure-time activities organized by Jewish Religious Community in Prague and other oficial jewish establishments, which influenced particular societies. It means especially those, which focused on education, social work, culture, sport and scouting. The thesis shows what the particular kinds of groups were doing and what organized for their members and also for the public. The author also indicates which aspects could influence Jewish free time activities and what the Old Testament and Talmud say about some leisure-time activities. In the end, she summarizes the specifics how the Jews who lived in the first half of 20th century in Prague were spending free time and evaluates the situation with respect to religion and tradition.
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Historical view of charity and charity activities of Jewish people in Bohemia until 1914
VOJTÍŠEK, Roman
The thesis deals with the history of charity itself and charity of Jewish people in Bohemia from their approach until 1914. The first chapter describes the approach in a longer historical context from the very beginning through the Middle Ages to the Early modern period, and the laws and regulations which influenced their lives. The second chapter defines interrelation of the Jewish religion and the provision of charity. Activities of the clubs and individuals in terms of maintaining and building synagogues together with providing charity are presented in the third chapter. It shows the main activities and approaches of individual clubs, associations and people to social problem solving. The chapter also introduces clubs that are relatively unknown and explains their activities. The fourth chapter entirely focuses on the description and activity of the club of Chevra Kadisha. It describes the origins and contents of its activity and it also deals with the dignity of the act during funerals and activities associated with it.
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Image of women in monotheistic religions
JONÁKOVÁ, Daniela
This thesis deals with woman, with her life and status, from the perspective of the tradition of the three world?s monotheistic religions ? Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The text of my work is mainly focused on the life of women within the family. I focus on typically female role ? teenage girl, wife and mother. The aim is to reflect a woman?s life from her birth to adulthood and find out which specifics bring the various religions to this life. The aim of work isn?t find differences in the female role by individual religious traditions, but rather to find what connects in this area all these religions and how it can inspire contemporary society. The work is bases mainly on primary sources defining the individual religions, such as the Bible ? Old and New Testament and Qu?ran.
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Jesus in the Jewish tradition
GOLDSTEIN, Elena
This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is focused on three resources - Christian, pagan and Jewish, which prove historicity of Jesus. In the second part, genealogies of New Testament with Jewish view in frame of prophets? quotes are compared, related to Messiah, including separated rabbinic tract Toledot Yeshu. The third part tells about Jesus's teachings, especially about his attitude to Torah, and about Jesus's miracles.
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The Social activities of Jewish Community of Prague
KAŠPAROVÁ, Jana
The work deals with the specifics and religious solutions of social activities of the Jewish community in Prague. The first part briefly describes the written and oral sources of Judaism with an emphasis on social and charitable activities contained in the texts. In the second part there are described characteristics and history of the Jewish community in Prague, the third chapter deals with social activities themselves engaged in various social facilities under the community administration. The last part is dedicated to the specifics identified in social services and their superiority compared to the other social organizations. All social facilities are kept in accordance with the laws on social services, but their quality, in particular their focus on victims of the Shoah, surpass the level non-Jewish social facilities services.
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Palestine – history, religion and democracy as obstacles to independence
Engler, Matej ; Novotná, Yvona (advisor) ; Volenec, Otakar (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the problematic development regarding Palestinian autonomy. It presents three aspects to evaluate the subject of this work. The first part describes the historical development of the conflict focusing on the impacts of development not only of Israel's political scene on Palestine, but also the development of the region itself and on the international scene as well. Religion, as the dominant element of politics not only in Israel, but also for many fundamentalist movements in Palestine, is discussed in the second part. This section focuses on defining Islam and Judaism, their differences, but also their common elements. The last section describes a brief democratic development in the Palestinian territories. Altogether their main purpose is to present whether it is possible for Palestine to be independent in the near future and if a longer peace is possible.
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Peculiarities of nursing care of clients of the Jewish denomination
JÍLKOVÁ, Veronika
Judaism, that is dealt with in a lot of publications, is a religion scattered all over the world. In the history of all countries you can find mention of a Jewish locality, ghetto, some famous Jew, or a court case with Jews. Jews were persecuted for centuries, and nearly everybody remembers World War II and the Holocaust. Globalization brings migration and multicultural society. To provide clients with efficient nursing care, it is necessary to ensure good professional readiness of nurses for transcultural nursing. The dissertation deals with the peculiarities of nursing care of clients of the Jewish denomination. For the research part techniques of quality research were used {--} semi-standardized survey interview and content data analyse. The research set consisted of 11 clients from Domov sociální péče Hagibor in Prague (care home), and there were 37 files of medical documentation at our disposal. At the very beginning of the research we set 3 aims. Do hospitalized clients of the Jewish denomination require specific nursing care? Are there differences in providing specific nursing care for clients of the Jewish orthodox or conservative type? Are there differences in the care for clients of the Jewish denomination between the terminal stage hospital and the facility for clients of the Jewish denomination? Based on the aims we set the research questions. We fulfilled the aims, and the research questions were answered during the research. Based on the done research we set these hypotheses: Hypothesis 1. When providing nursing care, it is important to know the type of Judaism a client professes. Hypothesis 2: Jews prefer vegetarian meals in medical facilities. Hypothesis 3: Practising Jews refuse hospitalization in a hospital during important feasts unless their life is in danger. Hypothesis 4: There are differences in providig nursing care for Orthodox Jew clients comparing with care for clients of conservative type. Hypothesis 5: There are differences between the care for clients of Jewish denominations in the terminal stage hospital and in a facility for clients of Jewish denomination. The dissertation brings surprising and interesting research results, which were processed into the model of culture friendly-adjusted care of Joyce Newman Giger and Ruth Davidhizar, and a standard nursing care process for a client of Jewish denomination was developed.
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Czech-Israeli relations
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problematic of relations between the Czech republic and the State of Israel from its beginnings to the present days. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter describes the development of the mutual relations until 1989 with the emphasis on the events of the 20th century. The second part deals with the current Czech-Israeli relations and the third part analyses the role of the Czech republic in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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