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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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Optimalizace termínu setí ozimé pšenice
Petříček, Rudolf
The bachelor's thesis deals with the optimization of the sowing date of winter wheat in the agricultural enterprise Agrodružstvo Blížkovice. The work contains basic information about the cultivation of winter wheat and its requirements for temperature, soil, inclusion in the sowing process, and describes the agricultural techniques in the establishment of stands. The practical part deals with the comparison of the real date of sowing with the date set by the program for the calculation of the optimal date of establishment of winter wheat stands on land according to the prevailing values of rated soil ecological units. This comparison was made in three years (2018, 2019 and 2020), on areas of 1472-1864 ha. The deadlines for the end of winter wheat vegetation and the basic sowing dates for the four growth phases (BBCH 27, 25. 23, 14) before the onset of winter, which are part of the calculation algorithms of the program used, were verified. It has been found that the growth phase of BBCH 25 before the onset of winter, which is usually recommended as a suitable strategy for optimizing wheat growing technology, can be achieved under given conditions when sowing in the third decade of September. The sowing of these areas of winter wheat was spread over six weeks, beginning in the first decade of September and ending in the second decade of October. Area seeding performances were influenced by the course of the weather in individual years, by the pre-crops of the winter warbler and by the availability of mechanization means.
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Vliv formy a termínu aplikace dusíkato-sirného hnojiva na výnos a kvalitu ozimé pšenice
Kala, Petr
This thesis deals with the fertilization of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers in different forms and terms of application and assesses their effect on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. To find out the results was carried out a small-plot field experiment in Žabčice and Vatín. In the experiment were used these nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer: DASA, MAGNISUL and DASAMAG. Mentioned fertilizers were rotate as part of regenerative and the first production fertilizing with LAD. The LAD fertilizer was used for the control variant. In the second production fertilizing was used DAM-390 in all variants. The results of the field experiment were statically conclusive in all the evaluated criteria only in the comparison of the location. Statistical conclusive was not detected in the investigated factor “Variant of fertilization”. These results were significantly affected by the unfavorable course of the weather in the 2017/2018 growing season.
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Ověření účinnosti různých inhibitorů nitrifikace v hnojivu DASA na výnos a kvalitu zrna pšenice ozimé
Kvita, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the effect of different nitrification inhibitors in the fertilizer DASA on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The practical part was solved in the form of a small-plot field experiment at the Field Experimental Station Žabčice in the 2021/2022 growing season. The parameters were assessed: the grain yield, the hectoliter weight of the grain, the content of protein and gluten in the grain and the Zeleny test. The fertilizer variants included in the experiment were: 1. DASA (control variant without inhibitors), 2. DASA + MPCAA 1, 3. DASA + MPCAA 2, 4. DASA + DMPP, 5. DASA + DMPPA, 6. DASA + MPA 1, 7. DASA + MPA 2. Winter wheat grain yield was not statistically significant. The highest average value was achieved by variant No. 7 DASA + MPA 2 (6.80 t.ha-1). Compared to the control variant, it achieved a higher yield by 0.18 t.ha-1. The highest values of hectolitre weight of grain were observed for the control variant No. 1 DASA (77.1 kg.hl-1). The content of protein was highest in control variant No. 1 DASA and variant No. 6 DASA + MPCAA 1 (12.2%). The highest gluten content (26.8%) and sedimentation value (37 ml) was also achieved by control variant No. 1 DASA. In terms of yield, variant No. 7 DASA with MPA 2 inhibitor had the highest values, while the highest values in terms of quality were achieved by variant No. 1 DASA without inhibitors.
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Srovnání účinnosti vybraných systémů hnojení na produkci a kvalitu pšenice ozimé
Horký, Jiří
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of different fertilization options on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and the profitability of its cultivation. Among the qualitative parameters, the content of nitrogenous substances, gluten and sedimentation value were monitored. The research took place in the form of a one-year semi-operational field experiment in the Jabloňov area, Vysočina. The following five fertilization variants were included in the experiment: LAV as control, urea, DASA (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate), Urea stabil (urea with urease inhibitor) and ENSIN (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate and nitrification inhibitor). The results show that the fertilization variants had no effect on the size of the yield. The effect of nitrification and urease inhibitors and sulfur fertilizers on grain quality parameters was also inconclusive (compared to the LAV control). A significant increase in quality parameters was noticed when comparing fertilizers with inhibitors and their equivalents without inhibitors. The ENSIN variant contained 4,3 % more nitrogenous substances and 8,3 % more gluten than the DASA variant. The Urea stabil variant contained 8,2 % more nitrogenous substances, 9,5 % more gluten and achieved a 12,2 % higher sedimentation value than the urea variant. Economically, the DASA variant turned out to be the best option. Fertilizers with inhibitors had a rather negative effect on the economics of cultivation
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Porovnání působení dusíkato-fosforečných hnojiv ve výživě pšenice ozimé a řepky ozimé
Večeřa, Radomír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess and compare the effect of spring nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on the yield and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. Small-plot experiments took place at Vatín in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experimental variants of fertilization for both model crops were 1. Control, 2. NPS immunMax (12-10+11S), 3. GSH NP 15-5+20S, 4. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (3:1) and 5. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (1:1). The parameters used in the assessment of winter wheat were yield, bulk density, nitrogenous substances and wet gluten content, grain sedimentation value. Winter oilseed rape were assessed by observing the yield and the oil content of the seeds. Winter wheat was monitored for the influence of the two terms of application of NP fertilizers during tillering. Winter oilseed rape was monitored for the influence of fertilization with a 100% dose of N and the application of NP fertilizers during side-shoot formation stage and fertilization with a dose of 70% N and the application of NP fertilizers in begin of stem elongation. The weather in individual years of the experiment had a statistically significant effect on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat. There were no significant differences between the variants of NP fertilization and the terms of spring application. In the case of winter oilseed rape, the effect of the weather in years of the experiment was proven only for the yield. There was no significant difference between the variants of NP fertilization. A significant effect on yield and oil content was proven between terms of application with different doses of N. In the long term, phosphorus fertilizing in the spring make sense due to low phosphorus content in soil or ensure the return of phosphorus taken by harvests, but no yield or quality effect was recorded during the two-year observation.
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Vliv různého způsobu zpracování půdy na obsah vody v půdě
Mazel, Petr
The thesis deals with the effect of different tillage on the water content in the soil. The theoretical part is devoted to soil, soil properties, characteristics of soil tillage and the effects of soil tillage on soil properties. Monitoring of the effects of tillage on soil moisture was carried out in plot experiments at the Žabčice Field Experiment Station of the Mendel University in Brno. The experiment took place in 2022 and 3 tillage variants were monitored (traditional tillage, minimization tillage and no-tillage). For the assessment of soil moisture were determined: mass moisture, volume moisture, relative humidity and soil absorbency. Soil samples were taken on plots with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at three depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm). For mass moisture was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) demonstrated between tillage variants, and the highest moisture was achieved with traditional tillage of 17.11%. For volume moisture were not found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the tillage variants. For relative humidity were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) achieved between treatment variants with the highest value in the no-till variant of 53.03%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found for soil absorbency between traditional and minimization tillage, and the highest absorbency was achieved after traditional tillage of 38.75%.
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Vliv jarní kultivace ozimé pšenice na její výnos a zaplevelení
Novák, Radim
This bachelor thesis is focused on the impact of spring cultivation on the cover of the winter wheat, its number of straws and the weed infestation. A small field experiment was performed for an assessment. There were 10 smaller parcels of land picked out for this experiment. The first 5 parcels of land were used for the testing of different types of cultivation: rotary hoe + tine harrow, rotary hoe + meadow harrow, rotary hoe, tine harrow, meadow harrow. The other 5 parcels of land were used for the control. These factors were monitored: the number of straws, yield and the number of weed individuals. The number of straws was affected the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The number of the weed individuals per 1 m2 was reduced the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The lowest efficacy of the weed regulation was measured by the meadow harrow. Thanks to this data, the machines for the spring cultivation can be well organized and used.
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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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Vliv způsobu hospodaření na stabilitu struktury půdy
Káňa, Dominik
The results of selected variants of long-term small-plot field trials with spring barley and winter wheat in Žabčice (maize production area) and Ivanovice na Hané (sugar beet production area) in 2018-2021 are evaluated in terms of soil aggregate stability (SAS), grain yield, cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency using analysis of variance. In a spring barley monoculture grown since 1970 in Žabčice, straw harvested and ploughing in combination with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate nitrogen were evaluated. Variants with ploughed straw achieved on average by 0.51 t/ha higher yield compared to variants with harvested straw. As the nitrogen rate increased, SAS values increased in leaps for harvested straw and gradually for ploughed straw. For both straw treatments, the most economically efficient variants were those with a N rate of 60 kg/ha for malting and 30 kg/ha for feed quality grain. In Žabčice and Ivanovice na Hané, direct sowing, soil loosening and ploughing were evaluated for the establishment of winter wheat after alfalfa, and spring barley after sugar beet. These tillage methods were manifested to different degrees at the two sites. In Žabčice, comparable or high grain yields were achieved for both crops by direct drilling. In Ivanovice na Hané, grain yields were comparable for all variants, except for the significantly higher yield of direct sowing of spring barley after sugar beet. Higher SAS values were found for all evaluated variants in Žabčice. When winter wheat was grown after alfalfa, the differences between tillage variants were small. When growing spring barley after sugar beet, SAS values increased gradually with tillage intensity at both locations. Direct drilling of both crops and at both locations was estimated to be the most economically efficient. From the results obtained, a direct relationship between the stability of soil aggregates and grain yield could not be inferred. Although SAS is considered to be an important indicator of soil quality and fertility, it should always be evaluated in relation to other soil properties and management practices. The effects of processes affected by cultivation measures on SAS should therefore be assessed in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all available information.
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