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High normal pressure and hypertension of children and adolescents
KRÁLOVÁ, Kateřina
In children and adolescents, high normal blood pressure is often present. People with high normal blood pressure show a short time prerequisite to the formation of arterial hypertension. Hypertension occurs most often in children as asymptomatic. Increased blood pressure in children is most often discovered during preventive examinations by a general practitioner for children and adolescents. This thesis contains information about the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, a blood pressure measurement sister, evaluation of blood pressure, high normal pressure, high blood pressure in children, the role of nurses in primary care pediatricians in the area of communication and education, and treatment of high normal pressure and hypertension. Objectives The first goal was to explore how children adhere regime measures for the prevention of high normal pressure and hypertension. It used this research question: How children adhere regime measures for the prevention of high normal pressure and hypertension? The second objective was to determine the role of nurses in the care of children with high normal pressure and hypertension. The second research question is: What is the role of the nurses in taking care of children with a normal high pressure and hypertension? Methods used In the research part of the thesis, we used the method of qualitative research, questioning method and technique-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone and then transcribed literally. Four sisters and three mothers did not wish to be recorded, so they were interviewed at polling literally written on paper. For research, two research files were created. The first sample consisted of six nurses, who were working in GP surgery for children and adolescents in the South Region. Second survey consisted of six people selected from among parents of children with high normal pressure and hypertension, also from South Bohemia. Results The transcribed interviews were investigated by open coding method, pencil and paper. Resulted in 9 categories: Cardiovascular disease, role of the nurse, pressure measurement, blood pressure, hypertension, pressure measurement, recommendation, Lifestyle, Leisure. Individual categories were assigned to subcategories, which are encoded core data. Conclusion The first research confirms nurses working in a pediatrician's office for children and adolescents, the most common cardiovascular disease in the general hypertension. They argue that the role of nurses in primary care pediatricians is properly measure blood pressure and make the education of children and parents in the area. The respondents concurred in the principles of how to properly measure blood pressure measurement are available for at least three cuff sizes. Informants have basic information about high normal pressure and hypertension, and said that, in the offices of primary care pediatricians to conduct checks blood pressure of preventive examinations or troubled child. Informants reported that blood pressure control and education on blood pressure occurs, but in the second research study showed that children and adolescents do not comply with the recommended recommendations in this area, perhaps because they are less motivated. Neither sister nor the parents have not mentioned, they would receive educational aids such as brochures and sample menus.The second research showed that parents most often found elevated blood pressure in primary care pediatricians, either for reasons of preventive examinations or difficulty a child. On the control measurements came at least three times. Respondents agreed on the recommendations they received in the office GPCY such as reducing the weight of the child, regular physical activity, restriction of salt and proper diet the child, but not all children and adolescents comply with these recommendations. The research results will be provided to the journal Pediatrics practice.
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Collaboration of nurses and physiotherapists in traumatologii
NACHTMANOVÁ, Leona
Recently, traumatology has significantly progressed. One of the factors of this progress is increasing understanding of the laws of biomechanics of the musculoskeletal apparatus, trauma-related pathophysiology of the organism, as well as a significant progress in administration of antibiotics, anesthesia and resuscitation. Great emphasis is put on rehabilitation treatment provided by a general nurse with the support of and in cooperation with a physiotherapist. Reintegration of a patient into normal living and society depends on interaction of individual specializations involved in the common process. Mutual cooperation implies active interest of nurses in providing a high quality nursing care and contributing to a high standard style of nursing skills, and support of all those who are professionally identical with nurses. The bachelor thesis on Cooperation of nurses and physiotherapists in traumatology is based on a quantitative research, using a questionnaire method. Data were collected by means of anonymous questionnaires distributed to general nurses and physiotherapists in the Department of Traumatology, containing the same questions for both of groups. The questionnaires focused on collection of identification data, questions related to mutual cooperation, rehabilitation care and exchange of information on rehabilitation procedures in traumatology. The thesis documents that one of the important parts of care of patients is their physical as well as social and psychological rehabilitation. Of great importance in this respect there is a close cooperation of the rehabilitation nurse and the physiotherapist. We believe that the bachelor thesis will serve as a source of information for improving communication and mutual cooperation between nurses and physiotherapists in traumatology.
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The effectiveness of aids for incontinence patients in aftercare
MUSILOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with the effectiveness of use of aids intended for incontinent ill people in subsequent care. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and experience part. The experience part of the thesis has been implemented by means of qualitative research. The data have been obtained on the basis of two different half pen and paper interviews with patients/clients who are using incontinence aids prescribed by a doctor on a coupon or by a matron or a ward sister from the subsequent care department in hospitals with the state-funded organization and in hospitals with the joint-stock company organization. The result of the qualitative research showed, that both groups of respondents use mostly only plastic pants or nappies out of the whole assortment of aids. For patients/clients living at home the reason is that on the basis of anamnesis the general doctors prescribe the incontinence aids only in the most serious incontinence cases. At the subsequent care department the situation is caused by a big number of immobile fully incontinent patients/clients. The results show, that the quantity of absorb aids prescribed by general doctors is insufficient. It does not reach the quantity limits given in the documents by VZP (Public Health Insurance Company). Taking into consideration the low income of seniors, the respondents have to pay considerable amounts of money for incontinence aids which are necessary for them. There is an absolute lack of absorption aids in the hospital with the state funded organization. The incontinence aids are financed by three different ways. Patients/clients themselves have to get and pay the absorption aids at the Geriatrics department I and subsequent care department 2. The hospital provides them only with one-off mats and hygienic aids free of charge. The reason for this is a low limit of material. The respondents regard this system of financing negatively. It burdens patients/clients and nurses too. If patients/clients do not have the aids, the hospital has to lend the aids, make a list of debts and collects them back. On this account conflict situations often arise in families. At these departments there are reserved five social beds which enable patients/clients the prescription of aids by a doctor on a coupon likewise the patients who are ill and cure at home. At the stopgap department patients/clients pay a monthly fee; this includes the costs on incontinence aids too. At the subsequent care department 2A, B of the hospital with the join-stock company organization the aids are fully paid by the hospital. There is available a sufficient assortment and quantity of absorb and hygienic aids, which enable an individual attitude.
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Nursing care for long-term bedridden patients with urinary incontinence.
KUBÍKOVÁ, Nikola
Bachelor thesis titled ,,Nursing care for long-term bedridden patients with urinary incontinence" deals with the nursing care of clients with urinary incontinence has long restrained on a bed on the aftercare department. Urinary incontinence is a condition of involuntary leakage of urine, which is a major health and social problem (Kalvach and team, 2004). According to the International Continence Society (ICS) urinary incontinence is classified into extraurethal and urethral. Extraurethal incontinence can be divided into innate and fistulas. The congenital disorder contains atrophy and ectopic urethra. We can divide fistulas into uretral, vesicular and ureteral fistulas. Urethral incontinence are further divided into stress, reflex, urgent and paradoxical ischurii (Locksmith and Macek, 2012). From a nursing perspective is urinary inkontinence divided into nursing diagnoses : Functional incontinence 00020, then Urinary incontinence with overflow 00176, Reflex incontinence 00018, Stress urinary inkontinence 00017, Urge urinary incontinence 00019, Impaired excretion of urine 00016, Urinary retention 00023, Risk of urge urinary incontinence 00022, Efforts to improve the excretion of urine 00166 (Herdman, 2013). The theoretical part of the thesis is talking about the definition of the concept of urinary incontinence and its further division. Also is solving the role of nurses in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, therapy, nursing process for clients with urinary inkontinence and classification of urinary incontinence by nursing diagnoses with nursing interventions. The practical part of my thesis contains the results of qualitative research, which were obtained by interviews, in-depth interview technique, then content analysis of nursing documentation and comparison of two standards of nursing care of selected hospitals of the Sought Bohemia. The practical outcome of the thesis will be finished client's care plan which is dealing patient long-term bedridden with urinary incontinence.
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The problem of blood collecting for testing blood culture.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Olga
Current situation: Blood culture is intended to detect infection in the bloodstream. Increasingly today, complications of diseases like toxicemia, bacteremia and sepsis occur.Diagnosis of sepsis is not easy and blood culture plays an irreplaceable role. Blood sampling for blood culture is one of the technically challenging and time-consuming procedures, and these samples must be perfectly controlled by the nurses.Point of interest: Risk factors identification that may affect the results of blood culture relating to the collection of blood cultures was the main aim of the research. Determination of nurses' knowledge and compliance with the recommended procedures for collecting blood cultures, and identifi cation of the most frequently committed sisters' errors was the main objective.Participants: The research sample was chosen on purpose, with respect to the research problem. Group consisted of nurses working in the Department of Infectious Diseases in Hospital České Budějovice.Results: The recommended procedures of blood culture collection and risk factors that affect the result of blood culture are reviewed.The results of observations showed the errors of nurses taking blood culture are most often perpetrated.Nurses' knowledge is sufficient regarding the recommended sampling procedure and rules characterizing this collection, as detected by conducting interviews. Nurses are apprised with the procedure, and are able to justify different methods.Conclusion: Patients' lives could be saved by the correct diagnosis of bloodstream infections. The nurses have a high responsibility to perform their procedures in accordance with the sandards possible to eliminate risk factors that may affect the outcome of blood culture examination. The outcome of this work is to identify the most common errors made by the nurses and to propose preventive measures that would eliminate exposed areas of risk. The errors may be caused by ignorance, the automated process and also different time and mental pressure in patient care.
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The Satisfaction of Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis in the Provision of Nursing Process
JANSOVÁ, Miroslava
Peritoneal dialysis is a method of treatment of chronic renal failure. The principle of this method is the exchange of substances between blood and dialysis solution soaked into the abdominal cavity. The absolute indication for the dialysis is the impossibility to establish vascular access for hemodialysis. It is primarily indicated for patients as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases which may cause hemodynamic instability during extracorporeal circulation. Individual preferences of the patient also play an important role. The contraindications are extensive adhesions in the abdominal cavity and inflammatory bowel diseases. This method has recently become common practice at most dialysis centers. It provides patients with more freedom as well as more independence from a medical center and its staff. The qualitative data collection technique was used for the research survey. The qualitative research took the form of non-standardized interview. The research group consisted of six patients from dialysis centers and hospitals in Tábor and České Budějovice. Objective 1 was to find out whether peritoneal nurses provide patients with sufficient information. The research has shown that the patients had been informed about the method before as well as during the treatment. Objective 2 was to find out how nurses support the patients´ self-care. The research has shown that the nurse had supported patients´ self-care by providing them with information regularly, checking during the exchange of dialysis solution and by reeducating them. Objective 3 was to find out whether a nurse helps to reduce social isolation of patients with peritoneal dialysis by providing a health visiting service. The research has shown that patients had highly praised this service, feeling encouraged to become more active thanks to the health visiting service. The work of nurses caring for these patients is rather independent and individualized. The success of treatment largely depends on high quality work of a nurse, on her educational and communication skills. We hope that the results obtained will be an example for other health professionals caring for these patients. The brochure could help patients with renal failure to decide when selecting a method of treatment.
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Nursing students' experience with ethical conduct of members of the nursing team within nursing practice.
HULÍNSKÁ, Eva
Abstract The Bachelor Thesis on Nursing Students Experience of Ethical Behaviour of the Nursing Team Members within Practical Nursing Training deals with students? experience of the nursing team behaviour towards patients and students. The Bachelor Thesis is divided into two parts ? Theory and Research. Theoretical part aims at nursing history, nursing instruction, personal qualities of a nurse, burn-out syndrome, communication and ethic. The research part applied quantitative investigation via dialogues with students of secondary nursing schools. The quantitative investigation used anonymous questionnaires for the students of the bachelor studies of Registered Nurse. The first objective was to ascertain the students? experience of the ethical behaviour of the staff towards the students. The second objective was to ascertain the students? experience of the ethical behaviour of the staff towards the patients. And the third established objective was to ascertain the influence of the nursing team education standard on behaviour of the staff to the students. Hypothesis established to the first objective: Students are satisfied with behaviour of the staff to the students. The reply for this hypothesis is: Yes, students are satisfied with behaviour of the staff to the students. This hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis established to the second objective: Behaviour of the staff confirms to the ethical codex of a nurse. The reply for this hypothesis is: Yes, behaviour of the staff confirms to the ethical codex of a nurse. This hypothesis was confirmed. The third objective dealt with two research questions: The first question is: What is the behaviour of individuals within the nursing team towards the patients like? The reply is: It is obvious that most students have met both the burn-out syndrome and infringement of patient?s rights. All the students met some mistakes in communication. The second question is: What is the influence of the staff education standard on their behaviour to the patients like? The reply is: The staff education standard has no influence on behaviour of the nurses towards the patients. In the future, this Thesis can be used as the information material for students and nurses who wish to improve behaviour of the medical staff members towards patients and students. Key words: nurse, student, nursing, burn-out syndrome, communication, ethics.
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Nursing care for patients with faecal incontinence.
JŮZKOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis concerns with the problems of faecal incontinence. Incontinence is defined as a state, when the patient?s urine or stool is released spontaneously. Women have to deal with incontinence more often, which is related to childbirth and complications connected with it. As far as the age is concerned, we encounter leakage of stool more among seniors than young people. As well as with any other disease, a thorough diagnostics is important with these problems. There may be a many of causes, psychical reasons, chronic constipation, injuries from surgical operations and childbirth, and degenerative changes. Nowadays we have a plenty of tools at disposal, so we can choose a tool for each patient to help him maintain being as self-sufficient as possible. It is important to focus on holistic approach to the patient, because he or she cannot be seen as an incontinence problem, but a human being as a whole. Nursing such a patient requires education and preparing the person for home care. For the practical part of this thesis, a quantitative survey was used, which took place in March and April 2012 in the Hospital České Budějovice, JSC. These questionnaires were provided to the standard departments, intensive care department and anaesthesiology and resuscitation department. As the goals of our bachelor thesis we have set to determine the knowledge of nurses in the field of incontinence care, whether they use all the tools available at the department and how they?re informed about the closed system Flexi Seal. Based on the selected goals, hypotheses were determined: The nurses have sufficient knowledge in incontinence care. The nurses use all tools available at the department. The nurses have sufficient information about the closed system for stool retaining. The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions. In the conclusion of my thesis the established results either do or do not affirm the determined hypotheses, the output of this thesis is to hand over the results to the hospital management as a material suitable for improving care among patients with incontinence.
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Care and awareness of clients with an established perifer venous catheter
DUŠKOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis "Nursing care and awareness of clients who have peripheral venous catheter" is divided into two parts. Basic terms such as peripheral venous cannula, nursing care and complication are clarified in the theoretical part. The biggest emphasis is put on nursing care and awareness of clients who have peripheral venous catheter. Constituent elements are described in detail in separate chapters. The conclusion of the theoretical part is focused on legal aspects which are connected with peripheral venous catheter. There is also documentation of peripheral venous catheter and disposal of biological material, which is indispensable part connected to peripheral venous catheter. The practical part describes research which leads to certification of predeterminated hypothesis. The quantitative method in the form of anonymous questionnaires was used in the research investigation. The research was made in the České Budějovice Hospital Inc., where 120 questionnaires were distributed to clients who were hospitalized at the after-care department, medical ward, isolation ward and neurological department. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out if all clients are well informed in connection with established peripheral venous catheter. To find out if clients know possible display of infection in connection with established peripheral venous catheter. The second aim was to find out if the clients know possible displays of infection. There are hypothesis H1, H2 and H3 to the given aims. H1: Clients have information about established peripheral venous catheter, H1 was confirmed. H2: Clients know possible displays of infection in connections with established peripheral venous catheter incorrect functionality, H2 was confirmed. H3: Clients know possible complications in connection with established peripheral venous catheter, H3 was confirmed.
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Intensity of nursing work on the oncological department.
TŮMOVÁ, Lucie
This Bachelor thesis deals with working demands of nurses employed in oncology departments. Because of being in continuous contact with people (patients, their families or colleagues) nurses working in these departments should be empathetic, kind, patient and helpful. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on general characteristics of oncological departments, description of nursing specifics, available oncological treatment, the role of nurses in palliative treatment and issues of burnout syndrom. The theoretical part presents the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with nurses working in oncology departments at "Ceské Budějovice Hospital" and "Na Bulovce Hospital". Based on the dialaogues were the case reports which later became the basis for category tables. The results show that nurses perceive their work as difficult, mostly from the psychological aspect. The oncology nurses have to face terminally ill people, dying and death on a daily basis. They are exposed to risks of cytostatic agents. They may often suffer from tiredness which can lead to disruption of social, physical and psychical wellfare and even to the burnout. Influenced by these factors the nurses often feel stressed and are not often familiar with how this stress can be prevented or tackled. A brochure based on the obtained information has therefore been compiled for nurses with the aim to inform them about these issues.
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