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Detection MDR1 mutation in shepherd dog breeds by loop mediated isothermal amplification and restriction analysis
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Nikola
Multiple drug resistance is caused by MDR1 gene mutation. It is a common genetic disease of Shepherd Dogs from which Collie breed is the most affected. Described mutation is caused by deletion of four nucleotides, which leads to a frameshift and premature termination of synthesis of the P-glycoprotein, one of the important transport proteins of some drugs. Synthesized non-functional P-glycoprotein is unable to eliminate drugs from the brain, which leads to a neurotoxic problems in affected dogs. The theoretical part describes structure and function of P-glycoprotein and its inhibition caused by MDR1 coding gene mutation. The most commonly affected breeds are subjected to analysis as well as the problem of drugs for dogs with this mutation. Review also includes a description and principle of methods used for detecting mutation of MDR1 gene. The aim of this thesis was to optimize and screen DNA samples of Shepherd Dogs for the MDR1 gene mutation by LAMP and PCR-RFLP as well as by mutual comparison of both methods. The empirical part presents the results of the study. The studied population consisted about 140 samples of Shepherd Dogs DNA. Our results confirmed the highest incidence of recessive homozygotes in the tested population of Smooth Collie (25 %). Moreover, the number of heterozygous was also the highest in this breed (50 %). However, the number of heterozygous dogs in the tested population of German Shepherd was surprisingly comparable with population of Smooth Collie, because it reached 49 %. Equal number of the German Shepherd was dominantly homozygous. Whereas, the highest number of healthy dogs was found in the tested population of Border Collie breed (65 %).
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A CLOCKWORK ORANGE: THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPLICATIONS OF MUSIC IN BURGESS'S NOVEL AND ITS PRESENTATION IN KUBRICK'S FILM ADAPTATION
VYHLIDALOVÁ, Nikola
This diploma thesis seeks to provide a thorough analysis of the significance and implications of music in the novel A Clockwork Orange and compare it to the role of music in the film adaptation based on this novel. Anthony Burgess, the author of the novel was an English writer and composer, whose work inspired an American film director Stanley Kubrick to make a film adaptation of the novel. The first part of this thesis deals with the life of the author of the novel, focusing mainly on the influence of music on his life. The thesis further explores the relation between music and man, music and literature, and examines the concept of music in general. The crucial part of the thesis analyses the use and function of music in the novel, provides the interpretation of the novel in terms of music and lastly, it compares the concept of music in the novel with the film adaptation.
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RADIO PHONE-INS: COMPARISON OF QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES ACROSS TWO BBC CURRENT AFFAIRS PROGRAMMES
VYHLIDALOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of this thesis is to compare questioning techniques used by the broadcaster in two BBC Radio 4 phone-in debates. The question form, together with the use of specific questioning techniques, have an influence on the course of the debate; they present the focus of this study. In the thesis, I apply the method of Coversation Analysis to the examination of data transcripts. While both debates discuss current affairs, each of them addresses a different topic: a social and a political issue respectively.
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Lactose intolerance and genetic testing
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Nikola
Lactose intolerance tends to be one of the most frequent health conditions related to the intake of milk. The essential cause of this malabsorption is the inadequate production of the lactase enzyme by the small intestine, which leads to the inability to break down the disaccharide contained in milk lactose. The inadequate production of lactase may be conditioned genetically. Two single nukleotide polymorphisms were found in the European population that are responsible for the retention of lactase aktivity through adulthood. The aim of the thesis was to use the methods of molecular biology to assess and compare the two polymorphisms. Specifically, the two methods were reverse hybridization on strips and PCR-RFLP method. The thoretical part characterizes lactose intolerance, which includes the description of basic pathophysiology, the types of hypolactasia, the mechanisms of and hypotheses related to acquiring lactose intolerance. The empirical part presents the results of the study. The studied population consisted of 20 samples obtained from volunteers with suspected lactose intolerance. The CC/GG genotype, which is connected to lactose intolerance, was found in 39 % of the population. The TT/AA genotype, connected to lactose tolerance, was found in 28 % of the samples. The heterozygote genotype CT/AG was identified in 22 % and other variants were found in the remaining 11 % of the population. Both methods are appropriate for the assessment of lactose intolerance. Although the method of reverse hybridization is not commonly used for the diagnosis of hypolactasia, it proved to be more reliable. The results obtained by this technique were more consistent than results arrived at by the commonly used PCR-RFLP method.
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