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The yield formation of winter wheat in low-input conditions
PETERKOVÁ, Ingrid
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the formation of basic yield producing elements of classical and hybrid winter wheat varieties depending on the intensity of cultivation. A total of 5 varieties were used for the experiment, of which 3 lineage varieties (Patras, Rumor and Turandot) and 2 hybrid varieties (Hybery and Hyfi). The stand was assessed in three variants of cultivation - clover undersowing, nitrogen fertilization, control, variants were established in 3 repetitions. Finally, the actual and theoretical yield were compared. During the vegetation, the health of the stand (occurrence of diseases, pests) and the amount of chlorophyll in the plants were evaluated in the field. The experiment with winter wheat varieties was based on the land of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in the growing season 2018/2019. The total average number of ears per m2 reached 454.12 pcs.m-2. Linear varieties reached a higher average number of ears (457.58 ks.m-2) vs. hybrid varieties (450.66 ks.m-2). The highest average values were reached by varieties grown with nitrogen fertilization (490.00 ks.m-2). The average number of grains in the cob for all varieties and variants of cultivation reached 52.32 pieces. In the second yield element, hybrid varieties reached a higher average number (52.69 pcs) vs. liner varieties (51.93 pcs.). The system with nitrogen fertilization reached higher average values (52.76 pcs.). The highest number of grains in the cob was achieved by hybrid varieties grown in the control variant. The average weight of a thousand grains of all varieties and growing variants reached a weight of 34.70 g. The line varieties reached a higher average value of HTZ (36.50 g) vs. hybrid varieties (32.90 g). The third yield element was the highest in the variant of cultivation with clover undersowing (35.95 g). Line varieties achieved the highest real yield compared to hybrid varieties. In comparison with the three cultivation variants, higher yields were achieved by cultivating varieties in the variant with nitrogen fertilization.
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