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Unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of inpatients
KONHEFROVÁ, Veronika
The thesis with the name "Unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of inpatients" is divided into a theoretical and a research parts. The theoretical part is focused on sorting out lipids and the recommended daily dosing. Next there are described the chemical structure of fatty acids and basic differences between saturated (SFA) and unsaturated (trans and cis) fatty acids. The biggest part of the theory is formed by the unsaturated fatty acids, their characteristics, food source and their effect on people´s health. Dietetic system and its future development is described in the final part. The research part analysis took place in the Centre for prevention of lifestyle diseases in České Budějovice. It was analysed nine fourteen-day diet plans, which are most frequently served in the Jindřichův Hradec hospital, PLC. The research diets are 0 (liquid diet), 1 (mushy diet), 2 (soft diet), 3 (well-balanced diet), 4 (low-fat diet), 9 (diabetic diet), 9/2 (diabetic soft diet), 11 (nutritious diet) and 13 (diet for teenagers). The aim of this thesis is to calculate the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the most frequently served diets of hospitalized patients in the Jindřichův Hradec hospital, PLC, with the help of the nutrition software Nutriservis Profesional/NutriDan and to compare the amounts of both MUFA and PUFA in the particular diets. The results of my analysis show that none of the diets meets the recommended SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratio (<1:1,4:>0,6). In the majority of ratios is the amount of SFA:MUFA about 2:1,4. That means that the diets contain quite high surfeit of SFA. However MUFA:PUFA ratios except diet 0 (both two weeks) and 2 (second week) are above the minimum recommended references, it can be said that these diet's compositions aren't so bad. Only it would be appropriate to reduce SFA in diets, which would improve ratios according to the recommendations. This finding corresponds to the Research question number 1 about the real distribution of unsaturated fatty acids in individual researched diets. The Research question 2 about the total fat intake in each diet is answered as follows. Diets differ in the representation of total fat grams for each day according to standard of Jindřichův Hradec hospital, PLC. Diets 1, 2, 4 have fluctuating levels of total fat and are largely below the references. The diet 0 does not even meet any hospital recommendations for any day, the other diets, 3, 9, 9/2, 11 and 13 have the fat excess. The fat excess is given with the excess of saturated fat acids in diets and a significant part will be probably formed by a NutriDan undefined component of fats (the difference between total fat and SFA + MUFA + PUFA). I assume that those are the trans-unsaturated fatty acids. The results of this thesis will help the nutrition therapists from the Jindřichův Hradec hospital, PLC as a feedback, so that they could improve the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in their diets according to the recommendations of nutrition companies.
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