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Effects of selected biologically active natural compounds on mammalian energy metabolism
Seďová, Karolína ; Flachs, Pavel (advisor) ; Doleželová, Šárka (referee)
Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. If a patient experiences at least a trio of these diseases are diagnosed metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases has increased at an alarming rate in recent years and has become a worldwide health problem. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Some minor components which are commonly found in our diet (eg some plant metabolites), directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism of our body and thus can reduce or even prevent developing health complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. This thesis, aims to clearly summarize the findings and results of scientific studies on selected plant metabolites occurring in extracts of specific plants that have preventive or therapeutic effects on obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This work describes the use of these substances in the pharmaceutical industry and the food industry, the primary natural resources , and mechanisms of action , including effective doses. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in mice
Doleželová, Šárka ; Rossmeisl, Martin (advisor) ; Neckář, Jan (referee)
Dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (n-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert hypolipidemic effect and prevent cardiovascular disease. One of the main targets of n-3 LC-PUFA is adipose tissue, where they activate so called "metabolic switch", resulting in an improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism. In this report, n-3 LC-PUFA suplementation decreased plasma levels of free fatty acids, accumulation of triacylglyceroles in the liver and improved systemic insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high fat diet. There was also a slight decrease in the -cell mass and lower dysfunction of -cells in response to n-3 LC-PUFA feeding. Incretin hormones are secreted from an intestinal cells in response to the ingestion of food, while they also enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This thesis also analyzed the effect of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on insulin secretion induced either by the intraperitoneal or oral administration of glucose. The results demonstrated that n-3 LC-PUFA facilitate glucose clearance in response to its oral administration, an effect that is attributable to increased insulin secretion as compared to the effect of intraperitoneal glucose administration. These results suggest that elevated incretin secretion in response...
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