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Problematics of the prevention of pressure ulcers at anesthesiology and resuscitation department
BLÁHOVÁ, Vanda
The issue of pressure ulcers is related to limited mobility of P/Cs in bed, and is well known at present. With regard to the permanent increase of surviving P/Cs in critical conditions the prevention of pressure ulcers is a current nationwide topic. Nevertheless, statistical information admits the occurrence of pressure ulcers. The occurrence of pressure ulcers is a rapidly developing nursing problem. This problem has to be taken into account and its prevention has to start from the very beginning of the limited mobility of a P/C in bed.The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three areas. The first one describes the quality of nursing care in general. The second area is directly focused on pressure ulcers. A chapter dealing particularly with the prevention of pressure ulcers at an ARD extends the last area of the theoretical part. Two goals were set for this thesis: 1. To map the roles of nurses (medical rescue workers) in the prevention of pressure ulcers at an ARD. 2. To map the factors affecting the occurrence of pressure ulcers at an ARD. Four research questions were formulated to achieve the goals: 1. What role does a nurse (a medical rescue worker) play in the prevention of pressure ulcers at an ARD? 2. What factors influence the occurrence of pressure ulcers at an ARD? 3. What information do nurses (medical rescue workers) working at an ARD miss? 4. What problems do nurses (medical rescue workers) working at an ARD have? The empiric part of the thesis was processed by a qualitative method in the forms of the semi-structured interview and involved observation. On the basis of the obtained data the research was extended by a chapter "The Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers", where the data obtained from the head nurses of the involved workplaces was processed and described to summarize the research. The elaboration and the processing of the research brought answers to all four research questions. The results of the research have revealed a number of roles that nurses play. The roles are: the provision of the prevention as such, detection of the first stage of a pressure ulcer, the care of a pressure ulcer already occurred and the prevention of complications. The internal and external factors influencing the occurrence of pressure ulcers are also describer here. The information on the issues of pressure ulcers prevention among nurses and medical rescue workers, the interest in the issues, where the results are surprising in the negative sense, where two thirds of the respondents showed disinterest. We have found that the respondents miss basic information like the classification of pressure ulcers, the information on modern prevention materials and on the healing and treatment of pressure ulcers. Problems in the prevention of pressure ulcers based on two sides were also found out, namely on the side of the management and on the side of the nursing care. On the basis of the circumstances ascertained within the research head nurses from the involved workplaces of the "X" region have been invited to participate in the organization of a seminar for nurses and medical rescue workers working at ARDs, focused on the topic: The issues of the prevention of pressure ulcers at an anaesthesiology and resuscitation department.
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Nursing care in aesthetic medicine from clients´point of view
BLÁHOVÁ, Vanda
This bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care in aesthetic medicine, particularly on operations of augmentation and liposuction type, which are most demanded by clients. Aesthetic medicine has been a more and more demanded surgical field by women in recent years. Thanks to high demand among women various operation methods and techniques are being developed, aesthetic surgeons are professionals in their field, however nursing care is also indispensable in this sphere. Nursing care in aesthetic medicine is very important for successful course and result of an operation intervention. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with plastic and aesthetic surgery in general. A chapter on history and development of plastic and aesthetic surgery in the world as well as in the Czech Republic follows. As aesthetic surgery is also psychosurgery (it helps women gain their lost self-confidence in all the above instances), we can find a chapter on psychological aspects of aesthetic surgery here. We should also mention the chapter focused on information of clients undertaking an aesthetic operation, as information for clients is extremely important for provision of quality nursing care. Awareness of clients is linked with professional approach and communication with them. More than a half of the theoretical part of this thesis deals with the nursing care from long-term preoperative preparations including psychical preparation of a client via familiarization with and signature of the instructed agreement, to client's decision for an operation. The nursing care is also described in detail in the chapters dealing with augmentation and liposuction operation type. These chapters focus on admittance and discharge of a client to home care. Two goals were set for the bachelor thesis: 1: To examine perception of the nursing care by clients before and after augmentation and liposuction. 2: To find out whether the clients undertaking augmentation and liposuction are sufficiently informed on the course of the perioperative care. Three research questions were asked: 1: How do clients undertaking augmentation and liposuction perceive the nursing care? 2: In what spheres are the clients undertaking augmentation and liposuction informed? 3: What information do the clients undertaking augmentation and liposuction miss in the field of perioperative care? The empiric part of the thesis is processed by a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interview and involved observation. The obtained results were categorized and then subcategorized.The involved observation results were entered in an observation sheet and subsequently evaluated. The research results show that clients undertaking a plastic and aesthetic operation are satisfied with the nursing care. The clients assessed the approach of nurses and communication positively. Nevertheless, privacy and intimacy of clients is not ensured properly during redressing. The awareness of clients in the sphere of preoperative preparation, postoperative care and nursing in domestic environment is sufficient, but there is always something to improve.All the clients are moreover informed in written by a so called informed agreement and a discharge report.The research has shown that the clients are poorly informed on compressive garments, which also emerged from both, the interviews with the clients and the involved observation of the nurses. The involved observation has also shown that nurses do not measure the dimensions for determination of the correct size of compressive garments with a tape, but they just estimate them visually. The bachelor thesis outlines the nursing care in aesthetic medicine, namely in augmentation and liposuction type operations. It focuses on the problems of postoperative compression garments. An informational brochure "Postoperative Compression Garments".
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