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Provenance Determination of Marbles: A Methodology Based on a Complex Analytical Approach
Šťastná, Aneta ; Přikryl, Richard (advisor) ; Žák, Karel (referee) ; Török, Ákos (referee)
This PhD thesis is focused on methodology for the provenance determination of marbles from historic quarries and marble artefacts, respectively. Various petrographic, geochemical, and physical data were compiled to distinguish among different marble types, as well as to explore the suitability and limits of experimental techniques for such provenance studies. Moreover, by comparing the data obtained with the results from the artefacts the importance of the selected methodology was tested in detail. The correct determination of the source locality for marbles represents a difficult task, due mainly to both the variable characteristics of marbles coming from any one locality; and the converse, the similarity in properties between samples from different areas. Facing this complex situation, a multivariate approach proved to be necessary. Most of the previous analytical studies on marble provenance have been conducted on pure white marbles from the Mediterranean area where the methodology, based upon a combination of various mineralogical-petrographic and chemical criteria, was originally established. However, the Czech Republic is also rich in 'impure' crystalline limestones containing common noncarbonate admixtures (e.g. silicates, magnetic minerals, and carbonaceous matter) which led to the...
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Linguistic method of legal interpretation (limitations and unexploited potentialities)
Skřivanová, Dorota ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
1 Linguistic method of legal interpretation (limitations and unexploited potentialities) Abstract This thesis focuses on the analysis of the linguistic method of interpretation and uncovers its limits and unexploited potentialities. In order to understand the whole issue better, space is devoted at the beginning to normativity, legal language, and legal interpretation. The method of linguistic interpretation is presented through its individual elements and techniques (model of the three areas of meaning, the integral principles of linguistic interpretation, and the techniques of linguistic interpretation), which are inherent to it and thus distinguish it from other methods of interpretation. The thesis also discusses textualism as a branch of legal theories that is related to the method of linguistic interpretation. In this context, the thesis also examines the intersections with related methods that can be seen as a part of linguistic interpretation in a certain context, namely the method of logical and systematic interpretation. For a complete understanding, the content of this thesis is also a comparative study with the purposive method of interpretation, which has become increasingly important in recent times and is in some situations opposed to the method under study. The following areas are selected...
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Legal Argumentation: Correct and Incorrect Ways of Drawing Conclusions
Drozdková, Anna ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Legal Argumentation: Correct and Incorrect Ways of Drawing Conclusions Abstract This master's thesis addresses the issue of legal argumentation and its significance within the context of the Czech legal environment. Legal argumentation represents a key element in the process of legal implementation, especially in the phase of its discovery, and it has a fundamental impact on the legitimacy of decision-making. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of this issue, ideally covering its entirety. Argumentation is broadly conceived as presenting reasons for a certain conclusion with the aim of convincing the recipient to accept such conclusion. In this conception, both correct, appropriate methods of argumentation, as well as incorrect methods of argumentation, are included. The thesis thus strives to define the boundary between correct and incorrect argumentation and to identify criteria for evaluating the correctness of argumentation. The first part of the thesis situates legal argumentation within the context of the process of legal implementation, examining its role in the discovery of law and the assurance of the process's legitimacy. The second part focuses on argumentation itself, defining its essence and specifics in the legal context, including the judicial one. The third part...
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Autosalon in Jihlava
Žák, Karel ; Mizerová,, Lenka (referee) ; Smolka, Radim (advisor)
This diploma thesis addresses the project documentation of a autosalon. This building is situated in the region Vysočina, the city Jihlava. Autosalon is projected for a car dealerdealership and a comon administration. Building has two floors. Structure is column beam system. Building is covered with flat roof.
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Detached House in Štoky
Žák, Karel ; Vojta, Martin (referee) ; Smolka, Radim (advisor)
This thesis addresses is the project documentation of a family house. This building is situated in the region Vysočina, the town Štoky. It is a three-store family house with one underground store and twoo up ground stores. Family house is projected for four-five people. Vertical structures are designed from lime-sand fittings. The residential part of the building is covered with a shed roof over the garage roof is flat.
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Teaching Ethics at Law Schools
Roháček, Petr ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (referee)
Název diplomové práce, abstrakt a 3 klíčová slova v anglickém jazyce Teaching Ethics at Law Schools The thesis focuses on the importance and need for teaching ethics at law schools. The basic thesis of this text is that ethics should be one of the most important subjects in law schools. To support this thesis, three key questions are explored: why teach ethics in law schools, what to teach in teaching ethics, and how exactly to teach ethics. The thesis employs an analysis of psychological studies, a search of relevant literature, particularly foreign sources, and, in places, a comparative analysis of the state of ethics teaching in the United States with the state of ethics teaching in the Czech Republic. As a result, the basic thesis is defended and a general frame of reference is provided that can be used for the further evolution of legal education. The thesis also opens the space for further discussion on the necessity of changes in the education of future lawyers and offers a direction in which this teaching could be directed, including the integration of modern didactic methods. The thesis is structured in such a way that it proceeds in an explanatory way from the abstract to the concrete. At the same time, each chapter lays the foundation for understanding the next. In the first chapter, the thesis...
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The limits between interpretation and judicial development of the law
Koželuha, Patrik ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (referee)
The limits between interpretation and judicial development of the law The thesis deals with the issue of the limits between interpretation and the judicial development of the law, especially in relation to the limits that the interpreter must respect when considering whether to proceed to the (judicial) development of the law in a specific case, and further in relation to the identification of risks that in connection with this procedure may arise. The thesis focuses mainly on questions related to the limits of the development of law. The reason is the following: while questions related to the interpretation of law constantly attract the attention of legal theorists, much fewer works are devoted to the questions related to (judicial) development of law. The aim of this thesis is thus (i) to show where the limits of the interpretation of the legal text end, (ii) to identify for which specific cases these limits will also represent the final boundary for their solution, and (iii) if this is not the case, to finally define further limitations and conditions of procedure for those cases where the (judicial) development of the law may be considered. The subject-matter of the research in this thesis is thus to find the limits between the cases when the interpreter interprets, to distinguish them from the cases...
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Formal and Linguistic Aspects of Judicial Decisions
Hau, Vojtěch ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (referee)
Formal and Linguistic Aspects of Judicial Decisions Abstract The central theme of the thesis is a written form of justification of judicial decisions, which is a crucial element in preventing arbitrariness in judicial decision-making. The aim of the thesis is to examine current form of civil judicial decisions of district courts. In order to do so, the thesis starts by doctrinally defining types of macrostructure and internal logic of judicial decisions, bound and free decision-making, and especially historical and ideological background of the Anglo-American, French and German judicial styles, which also includes the Czech judicial style. The second part describes sources of legal regulation for the reasoning of a civil judgment at the constitutional, statutory, and sub-statutory levels. From sources of law with contribution of case law and expert literature emerges analytical-descriptive section presenting structure of the present reasoning in Czech civil judgments of courts of first instance. In the next part, the thesis proceeds towards achieving its goal - it subjects 150 judgments to empirical research inspired by content analysis, thereby revealing actual compliance with the requirements placed on judges in providing written justifications for judgments. Furthermore, this research enables the thesis...
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Cognitive Biases in Legal Thinking
Zaklaiová, Vanda ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Cognitive Biases in Legal Thinking Abstract This diploma thesis addresses the phenomenon of cognitive biases in legal thinking, i.e., it connects the latest findings in psychology and behavioural economics with various areas of law. It aims to introduce selected illusions of mind to the reader, especially those most significantly affecting not only judges, forensic experts or attorneys, but also legislators and policy-makers, as well as general public when they come into contact with law. The thesis also presents ways of eliminating the negative influence of biases on law and justice (to the extent possible), and even suggests appropriate use of them for the benefit of the society as a whole. The thesis is therefore a review study, mostly based on the analysis of dozens of empirical studies, which on one hand informs the readers about the errors resulting from the cognitive biases, and on the other hand encourages application of the proposed methods of eliminating the negative impact of errors in readers' own legal practice - or at least encourages them to take the analysed biases into account. The introduction briefly explains why lawyers should take the latest findings in the field of cognitive and behavioural sciences into account. Furthermore, it explains what heuristics and cognitive biases are, and...
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Ideology and Law
Kerndl, Robert ; Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna (referee)
Ideology and Law Abstract In the presented work, I examine in depth the concept of ideology in its historical changes. Afterward, I relate these various forms to law. My work aims to analyze how law and ideology interact and whether there is an inherent relationship between them. I am therefore concerned with answering the question whether law is ideological, or under what conditions law and the application of law are influenced by ideology. The work is divided into three parts. In the first part, I address the notion of ideology. Here I examine how Karl Marx and his followers grasped and elaborated on this notion. I show the transformation of the Marxist conception of ideology in the works of Lenin, Gramsci and Althusser. In the second chapter of the first part, I present a different, historically relevant tradition of understanding ideology that I call, for the purposes of this work, conservative-democratic. In the second discussed tradition, I describe the ideas of Arendt, Popper, Scruton, and Pithart. Subsequently, I compare the two negative concepts of ideology to each other. The second part is devoted to how these negative concepts of ideology can be applied in legal theory. In the first chapter, I focus on the Critical Legal Studies movement, whose proponents were inspired by the previously mentioned...
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