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The Internet and the protection of intellectual property-the scope of liability of individual persons within the law of the European Comunities and the USA.
Kaspřík, Tomáš ; Císařová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Žikovská, Petra (referee)
THE INTERNET AND THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-THE SCOPE OF LIABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL PERSONS WITHIN THE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COMUNITIES AND THE USA Internet service providers' (or online service providers') liability for the copyright infringement incurred by an individual user of the Internet is not an absolutely new issue anymore. Not later than in 1998, the U.S. legislators enact the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). This amendment to the US copyright law introduces the concept of ,,safe harbor" that limits the online service providers' liability when they act only as a passive conduit and at the same time they do not have actual knowledge of the copyright infringement incurred through their systems. In the absence of such actual knowledge, they may not be aware of facts or circumstances from which infringing activity is apparent. Furthermore, an Online service provider is obliged upon obtaining such knowledge or awareness (e.g. by obtaining a notice), to act expeditiously to remove, or disable access to, the material. This requirement is well known as a ,,take down notice procedure". As a response to the U.S. regulation, in 2000, the European Commission and the European parliament pass the ,,so called" E-commerce directive regulating the liability of above mentioned subjects in...
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Economic rights and the licensing agreement
Pevný, Jan ; Žikovská, Petra (advisor) ; Císařová, Zuzana (referee)
Property rights and the licensing agreement Nowadays copyright is more important than it ever used to be. Cause of this importance is the development of society and mainly new technologies of communication which emerged not long ago, particularly Internet. Copyright in the Czech republic is based on dualistic conception, thereby we distinguish moral rights of author from property rights of author (that is in accordance with Berne convention article 6 bis). In the Czech law only property rights may be subject of licensing agreement. In first chapters I deal with copyright in general. Its position in Czech law system and review of sources of law including international treaties and European directives. Furthermore, I define subject of copyright, thus author's work. Chapter concerning author's property rights serves as an introduction to chapter analyzing licensing agreement. This chapter provides list of author's exlusive property rights mentioned in copyright act with their basic characteristics. Emphasis is put on the right to use the work. The enumeration of rights to use the work is demonstrative, so there may exist also different rights. Eventually in this chapter, there is mentioned duration of economic rights. The most important part of my thesis is the last part, which is devoted to licensing...
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Exercise of copyright by a person other than the author(or author's heirs).
Poncová, Veronika ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (referee) ; Císařová, Zuzana (advisor)
76 Summary Exercise of copyright by person other than the author (or author's heirs). Within the scope of my thesis, I tried to describe an exercise of copyright by a person other that the author (author's heir), according to the current legislation of the Czech Republic. I devoted the first part of the paper to a general copyright, which belongs to special personal laws, to wit to the group of the rights to the outcomes of the intellectual activity. The Czech Republic is among the countries with relatively long and rich tradition of protecting the intellectual property. In other parts of my paper, I analyzed the term author, which may only be a physical entity that created the work of authorship. With respect to the subject of my paper, I explained in detail the cartographic works of authorship, computer programs, and computer databases. Furthermore, I dealt with a creation and content of the copyright, personal rights, and property rights. The Copyright Act of the Czech Republic is based on a dualistic principle of distributing the rights to intellectual property. The personal rights terminate by the death of a person holding the right, and the property rights are transferred to the heir of a person holding the right. The fourth chapter of my paper is fundamental because it analyzes the legal exercise of...
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Copyright and the Internet - modes of use and the scope of protection of a work
Šmejdíř, David ; Císařová, Zuzana (referee) ; Holcová, Irena (advisor)
Intellectual Property Rights and the Internet: Ways of Use and the Range of Protection of the Works The main scope of this thesis is to analyze the ways how copyrighted works are used in the environment of the Internet and how the works are protected, with emphasis on identifying current problems. I also asses the most common ways of infringement of the intellectual property rights, all this under the Czech act on intellectual property, the EU jurisdiction and also some international treaties. The thesis consists of seven chapters including the introduction and the summary. In the introduction I mention the variability of the world of computers and Internet in comparison to the conservative world of law and the rising importance of information in today's (information) society. I also state some of the main reasons why I am interested in this topic. In the second chapter I present the respective sources of law. In the first part of the second chapter there is a brief general overview of the sources, and in the second, more voluminous part I assess the question of the governing law. Apparently, no clear answer to this question can be provided though. In the third chapter I define some basic terms, in between others data, information and Internet and also the copyrighted work. In the fourth chapter I...
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Liability for the infringement of copyright on the Internet
Kroftová, Barbora ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (referee) ; Císařová, Zuzana (advisor)
Závěr Na závěr této práce lze vzhledem k výše uvedeným zjištěním konstatovat, že Česká republika má moderní autorskoprávní kodex, který flexibilně reaguje na nové rozvíjející se technologie a v souladu s příslušnými mezinárodními smlouvami a komunitární úpravou poskytuje ochranu osobám, jejichž autorská práva byla na internetu zneužita. Vzhledem k tomu, že česká právní úprava týkající se zejména odpovědnosti providerů je poměrně mladá, chybí zde významná judikatura, která by (byť nezávazně) umožnila orientaci v příslušných zákonech tam, kde lze výkladem dojít k více řešením. Dle mého názoru je třeba do budoucna v rámci autorského zákona vyřešit problematiku osiřelých děl, aby bylo možné buď co nejefektivněji zjistit autora díla nebo dílo prohlásit za osiřelé a tím umožnit jeho zákonné šíření v digitální podobě na internetu. Touto problematikou se již, jak bylo uvedeno v této práci, zabývají orgány Evropské unie. Vzhledem k potřebě sjednocování legislativy členských států EU i v této souvislosti pravděpodobně Česká republika převezme "evropské" řešení. S tímto tématem je spojena i problematika správy autorských práv. Aby nadále nebylo nutné (jak je tomu dnes) při udělování licencí k užití díla kontaktovat jednotlivé národní kolektivní správce, nýbrž se v rámci EU obrátit pouze na jednu pověřenou osobu, je...
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A work produced by an employee, upon the order, and a collective work
Konečná, Miluše ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (referee) ; Císařová, Zuzana (advisor)
A work produced by an employee, upon the order and a collective work Shrnutí / summary This thesis deals with juridical institutes of works produced by an employee, works upon order and collective works. Such institutes are characterized by entitling other person than author to rights to the author's work. These persons contribution to creation of the work rest on a noncreative investment into the development of original work - examples of such entities are employer or order party. Czech author's law belongs to civil law system of author's rights, which recognizes the natural person that created the work as the author. However, the protection of other person's private interests besides the authors' is strongly influenced by copyright system, which is characteristic for Anglo-American legal system. This thesis handles the Czech legal institutes in detail. Since the three institutes are interconnected they are dealt with the historical and comparative perspective. Furthermore, the approach of the Czech institutes is compared to analogous legal approaches of foreign countries. Employee's work is created by an employee within the scope of employment or similar relationship. The employee is the author of the work, and both moral and economic rights are vested in the author. However, the employer executes the...
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Forms of the legal protection of software
Šurina, Štefan ; Císařová, Zuzana (referee) ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor)
❘❡s✉♠é ✈ ❛♥❣❧✐❝❦é♠ ❥❛③②❝❡✴❆❜str❛❝t ❋♦r♠s ♦❢ ▲❡❣❛❧ Pr♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❈♦♠♣✉t❡r Pr♦❣r❛♠s ❚❤❡ ♣✉r♣♦s❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ t❤❡s✐s ✇❛s t♦ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛ ❝♦♠♣r❡❤❡♥s✐✈❡ ♦✈❡r✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♠❡t❤♦❞s ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r ♣r♦❣r❛♠s✬ ❧❡❣❛❧ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤♦s❡ ♠❡t❤♦❞s ✇❡r❡ r❛♥❣✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ t♦ ♣✉r❡❧② ❤②♣♦t❤❡t✐❝❛❧ ♦♥❡s✳ ❆❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣❧②✱ t❤❡ ♦✉t❧✐♥❡❞ ♠❡t❤♦❞♦❧✲ ♦❣② ✇❛s ❝♦♥str✉❡❞ t♦ ❝♦♠♣❧② ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s s❝❤❡♠❡✳ ❋✐rst ❢♦r♠✱ t❤❡ ❝♦♣②r✐❣❤t ♣r♦✲ t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛s t❤❡ ♠♦st ❛❝❝❡♣t❡❞ ♦♥❡ ✇❛s t❤❡r❡❢♦r❡ ❞❡❛❧t ✇✐t❤ ♠♦st❧② ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ✐ts ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛❜✐❧✐t②✳ ❋✉rt❤❡r✱ ❛ ♣r♦♣❡r ❜❛❧❛♥❝❡ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r❡sts ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r ♣r♦❣r❛♠✬s ❛✉t❤♦r ❛♥❞ ✐ts ✉s❡rs ✇❛s ❛❧s♦ ❛♥❛❧②③❡❞✳ ❙❡❝✲ ♦♥❞ ❢♦r♠✱ ♣❛t❡♥t ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ❛s t❤❡ ❤✐❣❤❧② ❝♦♥tr♦✈❡rs✐❛❧ ♦♥❡ ✇❛s t❤✉s ❞❡❛❧t ✇✐t❤ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ ✐ts ❝♦♥✈❡♥✐❡♥❝❡✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ✈❛r✐♦✉s ♣r♦s ❛♥❞ ❝♦♥s✳ ▼♦r❡♦✈❡r✱ t❤❡ ❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧s ♦❢ t❤✐s ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✇❡r❡ ❛♥❛❧②③❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❢♦❧✲ ❧♦✇❡❞ ❜② t❤❡✐r ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ❝♦♥s❡q✉❡♥❝❡s✳ ❖t❤❡r ❢♦r♠s ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r ♣r♦❣r❛♠s✱ ✐♥t❡r ❛❧✐❛✱ tr❛❞❡ s❡❝r❡t ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥✱ ✇❡r❡ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ t♦ s❤♦✇ ❤♦✇ t❤❡② ❝♦✉❧❞ ♣❧❛② ❛ s✉♣♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛r② r♦❧❡ t♦ ♦t❤❡r t✇♦ ❜❛s✐❝ ❢♦r♠s✳ ❋✐♥❛❧❧②✱ t❤❡ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡ ❢♦r♠s ♦❢ ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✇❡r❡ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❛♥❛❧②s❡❞✳ ❚❤r❡❡ ❤②♣♦t❤❡t✐❝❛❧ ♠♦❞✲ ❡❧s✱ ♥❛♠❡❧② ♣r♦t❡❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ❜② ✉t✐❧✐t② ♠♦❞❡❧s✱ P❛❧❡②✬s s♠❛❧❧ ♣❛t❡♥t ♠♦❞❡❧ ❛♥❞ ▼❛♥✐❢❡st♦✱ ✇❡r❡ ❤❡❧❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❛♥ ❡①❝❡❧❧❡♥t s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢...
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