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Child in Ancient Egypt
Scholzová, Alena ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
This thesis is focused on the child's status in ancient Egyptian society, mainly deals with the context of the family. It examines the child education and development. The aim was to provide a different view of the child's status in ancient Egyptian society. For this reason, the knowledge of psychology and social work, which examine interpersonal relationships on a different level than the historical sciences was employed. The conclusion is that the status of children in ancient Egypt has been good, because the Egyptian company reported strong social conscience, which both protect the child in the family, and beyond.
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Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt
Špátová, Ingrid ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
7 Summary Kultická hudba a zpěv ve starém Egyptě Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt Ingrid Špátová, DiS. Music, although this term didn't exist in Ancient Egypt, has played a very importatnt role in the common and cultish Egyptian life. How Egyptian music sounded, can be just guessed, but some characteristics have been preserved on Coptic church. Egyptians probably used the pentatonic scale. Their musical tuning and performance had to observe strict rules to keep order of maat. One of the most important sphere of Egyptian cult have been funerary rituals, including processions with music and lamentations. A fundamental significance in funerary and temple cult have had women musicians, especially priestesses and chantresses of Hathor shemayet. They served to numerous deities, male and female, and they belonged to high- ranking families or to families of the high priests. There were several deities directly connected with music. Gods with the closest connections to musicians and deities with musical attributes were for example Hathor (lately unified with Isis), Usir, Bes, Meret, Hathor's son Ihy, Thovt, Bastet or Ptah. Temple musicians made offering and performances to deities about three or four times a day. Ancient musical instruments can be sorted to four groups: idiophones (musical instruments making...
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Egypt eyes modern hermetism
Michalík, Petr ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Zdeněk (referee)
Hermeticism is a school of thought that is still alive. The authors have different views on how and whether the emergence of ancient Egyptian culture influenced the Hermetic. However, in an environment in which the figure of Hermes Trismegistus was established, we can't ignored the Egyptian's influence in any way. The egyptologists nad religionis almost are not interested in study of hermetism. In contrast of this, the lay people were always inerested in it and currently many alternative religions and movements are based on it.
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Curses and apotropaic magie in ancient Egypt
Stuchlá Libertová, Klára ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Gebelt, Jiří (referee)
Annotation: This thesis is focused on curses, i. e. specific magical texts used in old Egypt, and apotropaic or protective magic. According to its emphasis, the text can be defined as a theoretical-comparative study, its aim being to point at the fact that curses as part of apotropaic magic create a vast complex of texts which were being used in all levels of Ancient Egyptian society. The aim of its particular chapters is to introduce the reader to the concept of apotropaic magic, and give an argumentated overview of the curses' occurrence and function. The work also provides interpretations of selected texts, and it should enable the reader to see this whole field of study - very often neglected - in a whole new light. Keywords: magic - heka - apotropaic magic - curses - threats - akh - spells - maat - Thovt - on the mouth
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Golden foils from Borg - iconographical and religious analysis
Gorroňová, Marianna ; Starý, Jiří (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
5A Abstract This work gives the analysis of iconographic elements which are found on five gold foils. These foils depict two figures which look at each other from their profile. Foils were found in the foundations of the chieftain house in Lofot's islands in Northern Norway, which is from the Migration to the Viking period. For the reason of analysis the author demonstrates three main groups of gold objects - gold bracteates, gold foils and one medallion. On these objects we can find a pair of two figures and these objects were found in Scandinavia. The author presents here the context of such finds, iconographic elements and academic interpretations of the depiction. Author compares the elements such as type of foil, appearance of eyes, posture of man and woman, their dress and haidress with 91 foils from Scandinavia, and also with bracteates and other objects. She notices the partial concordance among these elements and the other objects and she seeks the iconographic essence and function of each foil from Borg which is later confronted with the theories of the influence of religion. Because of lack of attributes on the foils, the author's assumption is that there is no general depiction of gods on the foil. On the other hand, each foil has its own story showing people from their common life. According to...
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Interpreting ancient Egyptian mythology. A structural analysis of the Tale of the two brothers and the Astarte papyrus
Pehal, Martin ; Janák, Jiří (referee) ; Bareš, Ladislav (advisor)
The work is divided into Part I and Part II. In Part I the author summarises the scholarly methods applied by Egyptology for interpreting ancient Egyptian mythological material - the euhemeristic (historicising) method and the theory developed by the Myth-Ritual school. He shows their main weaknesses and concludes that the historicising method is reductionistic and that the Myth-Ritual school is mistaken in its view of the type of connection between myths and rituals. He states that the structuralist tradition seems to avoid the pitfalls of these two methods. Part II is dedicated to a practical application of the structuralist method on ancient Egyptian mythological material - namely on the so-called Astarte papyrus. The author starts with summarising all the relevant literature published on the papyrus and gives its chronological overview. A theoretical summary of the basic principles and methods of the structuralist theory as proposed by Lévi-Strauss follows. Since his theory in its pure form contains several fallacies, he also presents the objections (relevant to his topic) which directed towards the structuralist method and explains how other scholars (especially Edmund Leach and Terence Turner) have managed to cope with these fallacies, modifying the structuralist theory into a form which the author...
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Egyptian Wisdom Literature
Hromadová, Klára ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Fárek, Martin (referee)
We glanced into the labyrinth of the Human sought. With the Gilgamesh-like yearning we peeped into the eternally mysterious sides of our world of comprehension. We followed the wise guide Ptahhotep who enriched us with his experiences; wise man Ipuver warned us about human inclinations so common in our daily lives. Amenemope assisted us in understanding the human fate and guided us on the life's way of joy and fulfilment.
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