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Affecting the Status of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Through Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Prokešová, Petra ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kříž, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the disease diabetes mellitus type 2, especially compliance regime measures and education of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting diabetes clinics in Jeseník and in Prague. The work is devided into theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the diabetes mellitus, diagnosis and options of treatment. The practical part identifies and compares the degree of compliance with regime measures and education level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in diabetes clinics in Jeseník and Prague. The thesis may outline the deficiencies in the education of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and their possible solution. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, education, prevention, diet, physical activity
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Role of Helthy Life Style as Primary Prevention of Civilization Diseases
Pavlová, Veronika ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Prázný, Martin (referee)
The main aim of this diploma thesis is to focus on prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases with epidemic occurrence (so called civilizational diseases). The theoretical part deals with each illness separately, it describes cause factors, which are or are not possible to influence, and introduces primary preventive precautions that are available in the Czech Republic nowadays. The author evaluates the qualities of these programmes and their potential to work as an effective primary prevention. Preventive effect of education was tested in the practical part of the thesis. Eating habits and physical activity of grammar school students from Strakonice were found out through the questionnaire method. Following lecture on healthy lifestyle involved the thinking of students and the second round of questioning was done one month later. Students' answers confirmed the possitive influence of the educational programme as the eating habits improved as well as frequency of their physical activity. Educational programmes play an important role in primary prevention of civilizational diseases. Key words: overweight, obesity, risk factors, primary preventive, eating habbits, physical activity, adolescence, education, nutrition, life style
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Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes
Ziková, Kateřina ; Vlachová, Miluše (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis summarizes current data about cholesterol metabolism and its regulation in the liver. First part describes cholesterol transport among tissues by lipoproteins. Second part of this work deals with description of metabolic pathways of cholesterol conversion - how the cells obtain and metabolise cholesterol. Almost all cells can synthesize cholesterol or take it up from the circulation. The cells dispose of abundant cholesterol by several mechanisms - they convert cholesterol to cholesteryl esters that can be stored in lipid droplets; they turn cholesterol into oxysterols that can escape easier from the cell; or they export cholesterol through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Specialized tissues (adrenal, gonads) transform cholesterol to steroid hormones. However, only the liver can remove cholesterol from the body in physiologically significant amount - it secretes cholesterol into the bile either directly or after conversion to bile acids. Third section deals with regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocyte. Three transcription factors - sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - play the main role in regulation. Their activities are determined by concentration of cellular cholesterol or its metabolites -...
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