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Soil organic matter accumulation and humification during pedogenesis
Inogamova, Malika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
Soil is comprised of minerals, SOM , water, and air. Soil development is caused by climate and living matter acting upon parent material (weathered mineral or organic matter from which the soil develops), as conditioned by topography, over time. SOM is a dynamic component of the soils system. Plant productivity is effected by the SOM. SOM provide nutrients and habitat to the organisms living in the soil, including plants, roots and SOM also binds soil particles into aggregates and improves the water holding capacity of soil. SOM is a product of biological decomposition that affects the chemical and physical properties of the soil and its overall fertility. Humus is only partly metabolized by soil organisms but improves the physical and chemical properties of soil. It consists of different humic substances: fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin. Soil is a solid material that results from the interaction of weathering and biological activity on the parent material or underlying hard rock. The fundamental pedogenic processes, used also as a criterion for classifying soils, is associated with SOM accumulation. We discuss the nature and interrelations of the SOM humification and accumulation processes during pedogenesis and the environmental factors on pedogenic processes influencing the rate of SOM...
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Development of soil horizons during soil formation on antropogenic substrates
Eichlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
This bachelor work is focused on the development of soil horizont during pedogenesis on anthropogenic substrates. In the theoretical part types of soil horizons, their formation and development, and the factors affecting these processes are described. The practical part address the question how the development of A and Oe horizons differ with different vegetation cover and slope position. This was studied in reclaimed spoil heap neat the Sokolov. Several soil samples were taken in, and the GPS position has been collected together with depth of A and Oe horizon. In the laboratory the pH was measured. Higher development of A horizon and lower pH were found under deciduous forests than under conifers. The thickness of the A horizon increased also from top to the bottom of the slope. Keywords: soil formation, soil horizon, post mining sites
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Topsoil application in reclamation practice advantages and pitfalls
Čížková, Barbora ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
This paper deals with spreading the topsoil to the dumps after brown coal mining as reclamation measure. Here I describe its advantages and disadvantages for soils and ecosystems restoring and the soil organic matter budget. Furthermore, I present here my pilot work dealing with long-term storage topsoil in stockpile and its impact on soil microbial parameters, especially microbial respiration and amount of biomass after stockpile disturbance. Soil used for the research came from different depths of excavated stockpile. The samples were measured for soil respiration by titration and amount of microbial biomass by fumigation-respiration method. The highest values were always measured in samples from greatest depths. It is due to greater making use of accumulated carbon, which becomes better accessible to microorganisms after erosion of stockpile. Keywords: brown coal, soil organic matter, reclamation, topsoil, post-minig sites
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The effect of artificial weathering on overburden properties
Zadinová, Radka ; Bartuška, Martin (referee) ; Frouz, Jan (advisor)
Surface mining of coal cause massive changes of landscape. Dumps, heaps and tailings created vast areas in post mining landscape. Soil formation is influenced by the weathering process. Sample-the most common substrates have been subject of accelerated weathering. Samples were watered by distilled water, left to soak in, then froze, thaw and dried. This cycle was repeated twenty times. Before the experiment and after experiment pH, conductivity, organic matter loss on ignition, grain size and water absorption were measured. Before and after the experiment were tested for toxicity to plants using yellow mustard seeds (Sinapis alba). Accelerated weathering showed the possible development of weathering spoil substrates over time namely shift of pH towards neutral value, and increase in water holding capacity, despite of this no changes in plant toxicity in toxic substrates were found.
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