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Central Bank Monitoring - September 2008
Česká národní banka
The past three months have seen the financial crisis subsiding only slowly, as well as corrections to the prices of oil and some agricultural commodities. In Spotlight we take a look at the importance of house prices for monetary policy and their practical treatment in some central banks. Our selected speech is RBNZ Governor Alan Bollard’s address on flexibility and the limits of inflation targeting.
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Global Economic Outlook - July 2017
Česká národní banka
The July issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this and the following August issue, we also focus on one of the main current economic phenomena – Brexit. At the end of June, a year elapsed since the referendum in which the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. In both articles we focus on assessing this decision’s economic impacts on the UK. The July issue is devoted to the short-term effects. It is apparent from a whole range of indicators that the conclusions of the many studies that warned of a negative Brexit shock for the UK economy are gradually materialising – from the initial visible nervousness of the financial markets, through the announcement of the referendum, to creeping and gradual impacts on the real economy. The final form of the terms negotiated with EU institutions will decide whether these impacts will be short-or long-term. This aspect – along with possible medium-term outlooks – will be the subject of a follow-up article in the August issue.
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Central Bank Monitoring - June 2017
Česká národní banka
Most of the central banks under review, including the ECB, are keeping their interest rates at low levels. The US Fed was alone in raising its key interest rate by 0.25 pp to 0.75%–1.00% as expected, and is addressing the issue of reducing its balance sheet. Although inflation is close to central banks’ inflation targets in all the economies under review except Switzerland, most of the banks are maintaining their unconventional monetary policy programmes. The Swedish Riks bank raised its target amount for government bond purchases. Spotlight focuses on the options and strategies for reducing the US Federal Reserve’s balance sheet. In our Selected Speech, SNB Governor Thomas J. Jordan talks about the effect of the increase in the SNB’s balance sheet on its investment policy.
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Central Bank Monitoring - March 2017
Česká národní banka
Most of the central banks under review, including the ECB, are keeping their interest rates still at low levels. The US Fed was alone in raising its key interest rate by 0.25pp, in line with expectations. Inflation has now exceeded the 1% level in all the monitored economies except Switzerland and seems to be heading towards central banks’ inflation targets. However, most of the banks are still maintaining their unconventional monetary policy programmes. Spotlight focuses on modern forms of central bank communication. In our Selected Speech, the deputy governor of the Bank of England Sir Jon Cunliffe presents the results of a survey of the investment behaviour of firms, an essential element of the monetary policy transmission mechanism.
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Global Economic Outlook - June 2017
Česká národní banka
The June issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we also focus on assessing of the accuracy of the forecasts for 2016 published in Global Economic Outlook last year and the year before. The institutions under comparison were moderately optimistic with their economic outlooks. Their forecasts for GDP growth and inflation for 2016 expected higher figures on average than the subsequent outcomes. The outlooks for nominal interest rates in the USA and the euro area were also overestimated. The dollar did not appreciate against other currencies as much as expected by analysts. The price of oil was also mostly overestimated compared to the actual outcome.
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Global Economic Outlook - May 2017
Česká národní banka
The May issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we focus on the question of whether the oil market is approaching equilibrium. We consider in more detail, among other things, the behaviour of OPEC and US shale oil producers observed over the last three years. We also attempt to identify the causes of occasional sharp swings in oil prices.
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Economic Research Bulletin (2017, No.1). Volume 15, Number 1, May 2017, Trade and External Relations
Česká národní banka
One of the key determinants of economic development in small open economies such as the Czech one is the external environment. Understanding the linkages to the external world is therefore of utmost importance for policymakers. It is not only international trade that is important. Capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations are also among the economic phenomena that should be monitored and analysed. The articles in this Research Bulletin represent a sample of the CNB’s research dealing with modelling of trade and capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations. The first article decomposes aggregate export growth in the Czech Republic in 2005–2014. The second article presents research aimed at improving the trade forecast. The third article also contains research relevant to economic forecasting. The fourth article studies the role of exchange rate movements.
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Global Economic Outlook - April 2017
Česká národní banka
The April issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we also discuss the risks to global economic growth in the medium term. Global growth is currently being threatened above all by non - economic factors (environmental risks, large - scale migration, terrorism). Economic risks may continue to hinder world growth, but they no longer dominate the global risks in the way they did immediately after the global crisis broke out.
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Global Economic Outlook - March 2017
Česká národní banka
The March issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we then focus analytically on the monetary and fiscal policy response space in OECD countries. The article shows that nominal interest rates are still expected to be very low over the medium term. This is inconsistent with the process of closing output gaps and attaining inflation rates close to 2%, making a return to conventional interest - rate policy more difficult. Our article also notes that the return to positive real interest rates will be complicated by the overleveraging of many OECD countries, as a visible rise in interest rates could increase the risk of insolvency of several euro area countries and trigger the feared domino effect.
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