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The algal flora of Acadia National Park, Maine
VESELÁ, Jana
This study presents freshwater and brackish algal flora of Acadia National Park, Maine, U.S.A., a small park on the coast of New England. Prior to this study, there has been no examination conducted on freshwater and brackish algae restricted to the park boundaries. Over 200 samples, from 119 localities within the park, were collected and examined using standard microscopic techniques. A total of 160 genera of algae (from 12 algal phyla) were observed in the samples, including 140 new generic records for the park. Based on the similar studies, the high number of occurring algal genera in the park indicates an exceptionally high diversity for an area of this size.
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Experimental examination of EFL and MATX eukaryotic horizontal gene transfers: co-existence of mutually exclusive transcripts predates functional rescue
RŮŽIČKA, Petr
Many eukaryotic genes do not follow simple vertical inheritance. Elongation factor 1? (EF-1?) and methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT) are enzymes with complicated evolutionary histories and, interestingly, the two cases have several features in common. These essential enzymes occur as two relatively divergent paralogs (EF-1?/EFL, MAT/MATX) that have patchy distributions in eukaryotic lineages that are nearly mutually exclusive. To explain such distributions, we must invoke either multiple eukaryote-to-eukaryote horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) followed by functional replacement, or presence of both paralogs in the common ancestor followed by longterm co-existence and differential losses in various eukaryotic lineages. To understand the evolution of these paralogs, we have performed in vivo experiments in Trypanosoma brucei addressing the consequences of long-term co-expression and functional replacement. In the first experiment of its kind, we have demonstrated that EF-1? and MAT can be simultaneously expressed with EFL and MATX, respectively, without affecting the growth of the flagellates. After the endogenous MAT or EF-1? was down-regulated by RNA interference, MATX immediately substituted for its paralog, while EFL was not able to substitute for EF-1?, leading to mortality. We conclude that MATX is naturally capable of evolving patchy paralog distribution via HGTs and/or long term co-expression and differential losses. The capability of EFL to spread by HGT is lower and so the patchy distribution of EF-1?/EFL paralogs was probably shaped mainly by deep paralogy followed by long term co-existence and differential losses.
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Populačně genetická struktura sysla obecného v České republice
ŘÍČANOVÁ, Štěpánka
The European ground squirrel is considered an endangered species with declining numbers throughout Europe. Here, we analysed European ground squirrels from six Czech and one Slovak localities using five microsatellite loci as genetic marker. The results show a strong genetic differentiation among the investigated populations (mean value of FST = 0.16) and high levels of inbreeding (values of FIS ranged from 0.34 to 0.90). One of the most important factors is the lack of migration due to the large distances between the populations and the presence of migration barriers. Based on the results obtained we recommend a few suggestions for a conservation management of this species.
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