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Rozvoj čtenářské gramotnosti u žáků ohrožených školní neúspěšností ve 3. ročníku ZŠ
RUBEŠOVÁ, Helena
The final thesis deals with the topic of reading literacy and its development among 3rd grade elementary school students at risk of school failure. In the theoretical part, the terms reading literacy, reading strategy, reading skill, disadvantaged child and scaffolding are defined. The main goal of the practical part is to introduce specific activities and options that can be used to develop reading abilities and skills. Examples of implementation in specific lessons are presented here.
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Postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures
VÁVROVÁ, Eliška
The diploma thesis deals with postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part presents the importance of urology, endoscopy in urology, the nursing process in postoperative care after small urological procedures and teamwork as an integral part of the urology department. The practical part of the thesis was carried out by qualitative research, the technique of participant observation of nurses and the technique of data collection of semi-structured interview with patients. Six nurses working in the urology department participated in the participant observation. The interview was conducted with six patients after a small urological procedure until the theoretical sample was completely saturated. The analysis and processing of the data was carried out using the open coding method, using the "pen and paper" technique. Subsequently, the obtained codes were processed into individual categories and subcategories.Three goals were set in the diploma thesis. The first objective was to find out what is the role of the nurse in postoperative care in patients after minor urological procedures. Then to map the specifics of postoperative nursing care in patients after minor urological procedures. The third objective was to find out how patients perceive the care of nurses after minor urological procedures. The analysis of the data of the research showed that the role of nurses is an integral part of the provision of postoperative care after minor urological procedures. Their individual approach, expertise and empathy play a significant role in the postoperative recovery of patients. Improving communication between the nurse and the patient is also an important factor. The results suggest that patient susceptibility to minor urological procedures is associated with interpersonal skills and the ability to provide quality care, which significantly affects overall patient satisfaction.
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Prevention of catheter infections in patients in the need of critical care
SVOBODOVÁ, Alžběta
Current status: The term sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response to the presence of an infection. The highest mortality rate associated with bloodstream infection is linked to severe septic shock. The most commonly used invasive bloodstream inputs include peripheral and central venous catheter, arterial catheter also included are PICC and Midline catheter an alternative method of securing the venous system in intraosseous entry. The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum of nursing practices that minimize the risk of catheter infections related catheter infections and to evaluate the skills of nurses in the area of vascular access care. Methodics: Qualitative research methods using semi-structured interviews and participant observation were employed for data collection. The research was conducted in selected hospitals of the Vysočina Region and the South Bohemia Region. It was a deliberate selection. Nurses working in intensive care units (i.e. anesthesiology and resuscitation departmen and unit critical care) were approached. Covert observation was conducted to ascertain compliance with nursing standards and uncover errors in the care of invasive vascular access. The size of the research sample was determined by theoretical data saturation. Results: The survey shows that the interviewed general nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of catheter infections to reduce their incidence. Participant observation, specifically peripheral venous cannula insertion, revealed that nurses do not check the expiration of the necessary equipment for this procedure. Furthermore, there was a lack of hygiene and epidemiological precautions and disposal of the needle from the cannula in the sharps box. There was evidence of not using a sterile table but only sterile instruments, improper hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment when treating a central venous catheter. Conclusion: The outcome of this diploma thesis is a set of recommendations for non medical healthcare personnel.
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Training of non-technical skills as a prevention of errors in intensive care
SVÁROVSKÁ, Tereza
The main goal of this work was to map the current state of training in non-technical skills. Training in non-technical skills can contribute to improving the safe care of critically ill patients in intensive care units, where situations are often demanding, stressful, and tense. Maximum concentration, precise commands, and teamwork are necessary in these work-places. The theoretical part establishes the foundations for understanding concepts such as intensive care, non-technical skills, or simulation-based education and their relevance. The research was conducted with students in the Advanced Nursing Specialization in Intensive Care, who, thanks to simulation-based education, are aware of acquiring non-technical skills and practice them in specific simulated scenarios. The second research sample consisted of nursing staff working in intensive care units, who are exposed to stressful situations daily, and therefore should know and use the basics of non-technical skills to per-form their duties in order to prevent as many errors as possible, which can have fatal consequences. The objectives of the work focused on mapping the current situation in the training of non-technical skills in intensive care units and in student education. Another goal focused on the experiences and subjective feelings of healthcare professionals and students with training in non-technical skills in crisis situations within intensive care and during simulation-based education. The final goal aimed to identify methods and techniques of training in non-technical skills that are most effective for healthcare workers and students in intensive care, considering their specific needs and obstacles. The research was conducted using qualitative inquiry method, employing semi-structured interviews with nursing staff and students undergoing simulation-based education, along with non-participant overt observation during the mentioned simulation-based education.
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Nurse management of patients with visual impairment during admission and hospitalization
PRÁŠILOVÁ, Renáta
The present thesis focuses on managing the work of nurses caring for patients with visual impairment. Visually challenged patients constitute a particular group of patients with needs and demands different from those of sighted patients due to their visual impairment. The research aimed to investigate the experiences and knowledge of nurses providing care to patients with visual impairment and to identify the most frequent challenges and barriers that arise when delivering care. The empirical part of the thesis used qualitative research methods. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews. Even though the research results cannot be generalised as they are specific to the research population, they revealed many very serious difficulties that nurses and patients have to deal with daily. The research also highlighted the underlying causes of these difficulties. Nurses have limited experience in treating patients with visual impairment. The lack of training programmes for this specific group of patients means that nurses do not know how to approach and communicate with them appropriately. The results of the present thesis may inspire the management of healthcare providers responsible for providing a safe environment for patients with visual impairments. The research results indicate a general deficiency in training programmes focusing on the care of the visually impaired.
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Pre-hospital and intensive care for patients after a stroke
KULHAVÝ, Jakub
The thesis is divided into two main parts (theoretical and empirical) and deals with prehospital and intensive care for patients with stroke. The thesis has a total of three objectives. The first objective was to map selected aspects of the process of providing prehospital emergency care to patients suspected of having an acute stroke. The second objective was to describe the course of intensive nursing care for patients after a stroke, and the third objective was to determine the differences in nursing care between patients with ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The empirical part focused on studying medical and, primarily, nursing documentation. The obtained data were processed using a quantitative research method based on retrospective data analysis, which was then interpreted. The data was recorded in record sheets created specifically to adhere to the predetermined objectives and hypotheses. The contribution of the thesis is primarily its unusual approach to the issue, addressing at the same time both prehospital and intensive care for patients after both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The results indicate that crucial aspects of prehospital care include correct and rapid diagnosis, assessment of vital functions, consultation of the condition of a patient with a stroke physician and rapid transportation to the nearest appropriate medical facility. The course of intensive care focuses primarily on continuous monitoring of vital functions and their potential stabilization combined with comprehensive nursing care, which depends on the level of self-sufficiency of a patient and includes all care for basic human needs, primarily aimed at restoring the patient's ability to manage basic daily activities. In summary, it could be said that patients with hemorrhagic stroke required more demanding and comprehensive nursing care compared to patients with ischemic stroke.
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Acute postoperative complications in surgical intensive care units
HLOBILKOVÁ, Magda
The master's thesis addresses the issue of acute postoperative complications in the conditions of surgical intensive care units from the perspective of a nurse. The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical sections. The theoretical section focuses on the issues of surgery, intensive care units, and acute postoperative complications. The empirical section includes the research's objectives, methodology, and results. Three objectives were set to elaborate on the master's thesis. First objective: To determine the relationship between the length of practice, the highest level of education attained, and nurses'orientation on the issue of acute postoperative complications. Second objective: To determine nurses' interest in education regarding acute postoperative complications. Third objective : To map the most common acute postoperative complications in surgical intensive care units. The research part of the master's thesis is addressed through a combined research approach involving nurses from surgical intensive care units with different lengths of practice and the highest levels of education attained. The research was conducted in four South Moravian and Zlín hospitals. The quantitative part of the research was carried out through non-standardized questionnaire surveys. The research sample consisted of 138 respondents. The qualitative part was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses. Several conclusions can be drawn from the research that was conducted. A statistically significant relationship was observed between nurses' orientation on the issue of acute postoperative complications, length of practice, and the highest level of education attained. With increasing length of practice, nurses' orientation also increases, as does the level of highest education attained. Participating nurses show interest in education on the issue, which the employer does not sufficiently compensate. The most common acute postoperative complications in surgical intensive care units, from the nurses' perspective, are pain and acute bleeding. The output of the diploma thesis is a proposal for the content of a seminar to increase nurses'orientation in specific acute postoperative complications.
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Dignity and ethics in the designated aspects of nursing applied in care homes for the elderly
HLINŠŤÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the dignity and ethical aspects in the areas of communication with the elderly; dignified approach towards the clients during the hygienic care; and dignified approach towards the clients when serving meals and drinks in a specific care home with nursing. There were three objectives chosen for the purpose of the qualitative research of this thesis. The first objective focuses on monitoring how the dignity is maintained in communication with the elderly; the second objective focuses on monitoring how the dignity is maintained when providing hygienic care for the elderly; and the final objective focuses on monitoring how the dignity is maintained when providing the nutrition and drink scheme care for the elderly. There were three research questions established to meet the objectives of the qualitative research of this thesis. The first research question: "What elements of dignified communication are used by nurses during communication with the elderly?" The second research question: "What elements of dignified care are used by nurses when providing hygienic care?" The final third question: "What elements of dignified care are used by nurses when providing nutrition care for the elderly?" The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part defines the basis of dignity and ethics; as well as three other areas, such as the communication with the elderly, hygienic care and appropriate application of nourishment and drinking scheme. Data callected for the empirical part are based on the qualitative research using techniques of covert and overt observation followed by semi-structured interviews. Research respondent group consisted of five nurses previously chosen by the director of the care home with nursing. The research showed that the approach of nurses towards the clients was not always with dignity. The aim of the covert and overt observation was to understand whether the nurses were aware of their behaviour. The outcome of the empirical part show that nurses who did not treat the clients with dignity and ethically, were aware of their behaviour. The output of the diploma thesis is a forthcoming article describing particular issues and findings of the research in this thesis.
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Hospital Na Františku - from religiouses, over the emperor, up to present day
BARTÍKOVÁ, Alžběta
Located in the heart of the capital city of Prague, hospital Na Františku is the longest operating healthcare facility in Czech Republic and possibly even in the wider region. Its origins date back to the mid-14th century, with the first mentions of its buildings found in historical sources. Despite its rich and extensive history and current status as the longest operating hospital, there is currently no standalone publication that comprehensively addresses the history of the hospital and the circumstances that influenced its evolution. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive and chronological overview of the historical events at the hospital. Additionally, this work seeks to impart knowledge to all those, who are interested in the hospital's past, as it provides more detailed descriptions and explanations of some of the more publicly appealing facts that are often misinterpreted due to questionable journalistic popularization. The whole diploma thesis has been conducted as a qualitative historical research, with the chosen investigative method being analysis of historical sources. The main origins of information were historical books, contemporary periodicals, and archival materials. All the information have been thoroughly analyzed and utilized to reconstruct the history and operation of the hospital. A significant resource was the collection of the Brothers of Mercy stored in the National Archive of Prague, along with numerous books and documents from the Brothers of Charity library and archive in Brno. Additional historical literary materials were discovered within the library of Institute for history of medicine and foreign languages. The synthesis of data primarily focused on key historical events that occured at the hospital as well as the eminent figures who worked within its walls. The history of the facility is also strongly associated with the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, that run the hospital for over 300 years. Therefore, attention is also given to this order and the healthcare provided by the brothers at the hospital. The outcome of the work is a detailed summary of key events and changes within the hospital over the centuries. Each period is described with an emphasis on significant transformations, innovations, events, and personalities associated with the hospital. Additionally, the work covers key historical events such as epidemics, wars and changes in social and political conditions that have influenced the hospital and healthcare in a broader context.
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Safe administration of injectable medications
VANÍČKOVÁ, Eliška
Introduction: Drug administration is an essential part of nursing practice. Following the example of other countries, the safety of drug administration is coming to the fore. Nowadays, patient safety is a key element in the provision of quality nursing care. The aim of this thesis was to map the procedure of drug administration by intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. Methodology and research sample: For the purpose of this thesis, the method of participant observation was chosen, which took place in the departments of internal medicine and surgery from August to October 2023. All observations were recorded in a pre-designed record sheet and the data were statistically analysed using SASD and SPSS software. The analysis was based on first and second level classification, contingency tables with absolute and relative frequencies and sign scheme were constructed. The results were then organised into graphs and tables. Results: The results of the thesis indicate that the nurses observed do not follow the labelling of injections to a considerable extent, which can lead to errors. Furthermore, in a significant number of cases the nurses do not take care to properly disinfect the injection site of the injectable drug, which leads to a higher likelihood of signs of inflammation at the injection site. A surprising finding was the precision in hand sanitation. This behaviour is very important because, in combination with careful disinfection of the injection site, it is more likely to prevent the introduction of infection into the patient's body. Conclusion: The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the issue of safe administration of injectable medicinal products. As a result of this work, it will be presented at a student conference and an article will be written on the subject.
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