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The nurse's role in the care of clients with schizophrenic disorders.
DOLEJŠÍ, Aneta
The empirical part of the thesis is processed by means of qualitative research with the technique of semi-structured interview. Subsequently, the data generated was processed using open coding, pencil paper method where the data was divided into five categories and eighteen sub-categories. The research population consisted of a total of 10 informants. They were nurses providing care to persons with schizophrenia disorders in inpatient acute, follow-up, as well as outpatient and community psychiatric care settings. The health care experience of these informants ranged from 2 to 30 years. The research population was selected by purposive sampling.
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Care of pressure ulcers in retretirement home as a nursing problem
ČERNÁ, Eliška
This paper describes the implementation of care for a client with decubitus in a nursing home, how the nursing team works together, and what barriers the nursing team experiences throughout the process. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of decubitus and its classification, examines different methods of treatment depending on the degree of disability and also deals with the prevention of decubitus. Furthermore, this part of the thesis deals with homes for the elderly and focuses on the roles of the staff in these facilities and analyses in detail the nursing care provided. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the specifics of nursing care for clients with decubitus. Another aim was to find out the collaboration between the nursing team and the last aim was to find out what barriers in the care of clients with decubitus were perceived by the members of the nursing team. In order to achieve the objectives, answers to the research questions were obtained using qualitative research using interview technique. The research sample consisted of nurses working in a home for the elderly who care for a client with decubitus. The results of the research showed that the nurses carry out care for the client with decubitus by other means. The research showed a varied frequency of decubitus dressings. It was also found that collaboration between members should be more consistent in informing other members of the nursing team. The research investigation further revealed barriers in the lack of medication, positioning aids and nutrition
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The issue of permanent urinary catheter exchange in men - outpatient care vs. home health care
CAHOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis addresses the issue of exchanging a permanent urinary catheter in men - outpatient care vs. home health care. The theoretical part of this work focuses on the catheterization process, proper nursing care of the urinary catheter, and also mentions the most common complications arising from catheter insertion. A significant portion also focuses on home care and education. The objective was to map the exchange of the permanent urinary catheter and to identify differences in the exchange process between a urological clinic and home care, and lastly, to compare patient experiences with both forms of exchange. A qualitative research method was used, employing semi-structured interviews. Four nurses from home care and four from a urological clinic were interviewed, as well as four patients from home care and four from the urological clinic. Three objectives were set, each associated with one research question. The research questions investigated specifics in catheter exchange and nursing care for the urinary catheter both in the urological clinic and in home care. The last research question examined the roles of nurses in this procedure. The research results show a difference in the thoroughness of nurses. Nurses from the urological clinic do not adhere to the proper guidelines during catheterization of the bladder. Patient education occurs in both the urological clinic and home care, but nurses from home care educate patients better and more frequently than nurses from urology. Education should focus more on catheter movement to prevent complications. Patients are satisfied with both forms of exchange, but it is clear that home care is not only more advantageous for the patients but also easier for hospitals. The output of the work is a basis for improving deficiencies in performance, but can also serve as motivation for expanding collaboration between hospitals and home care.
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The issue of falls of seniors in healthcare facilities
BUCHOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of elderly falls in a healthcare facility. The aim of this thesis was to map the causes of falls in the elderly. Furthermore, the aim was to identify risk factors, describe the consequences of falls, and identify nurses' preventive measures in preventing senior falls in a healthcare facility. The theoretical part describes aging, then the theoretical part mentions geriatric syndromes, different causes of falls and risk factors of falls. The next chapter describes falls prevention, where compensatory aids are included and described. The last chapter briefly described patient education in a healthcare facility. The second part of this thesis is the empirical part. The empirical part was prepared by means of qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interview. In the research, 2 interviews were created, in one interview 12 questions were created for nurses and in the other interview 15 questions were created for hospitalised patients. Seven nurses and seven hospitalized patients participated in the interviews. Data were processed using open coding, by the pencil and paper method. Five categorization groups were created for the interviewed nurses and four categorization groups for the hospitalized patients. The results in the empirical section show that the most common causes of falls include inappropriate footwear, wet floors, poor lighting and poor use of guardrails (barriers). Risk factors most commonly include associated patient illnesses, age, change of environment, poor accessibility of signalling equipment and use of medication. Regarding sequelae after falls, hematomas, lacerations and pain were the most common. Preventive measures for nurses are most commonly signalling devices, grab rails in bathroom, handrails in corridors. Other preventive measures include, appropriate footwear, proper lighting, bed adjustments, and the use of bed rails (barriers).
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Chronic constipation in the elderly as a nursing problem
BRÁVKOVÁ, Sabina
The aim of the bachelor's thesis titled "Chronic Constipation in the Elderly as a Nursing Problem" was to explore the methods chosen by patients with chronic constipation for bowel evacuation and where they seek information regarding prevention and treatment of chronic constipation. Additionally, the study investigated who educates patients in this regard. The research objectives were achieved through formulated research questions and semi-structured interviews. In the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis, we focused on describing constipation, its classification, causes, risk factors, and common symptoms. I also discussed proper diagnosis of chronic constipation and the selection of suitable therapies, which can be either non-pharmacological or pharmacological. Currently, alternative approaches for treating and preventing chronic constipation are well-known. The final section of the thesis is dedicated to geriatrics and gerontology. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis involved qualitative research investigations and interviews with nine clients. The interviews were transcribed, and data has been categorised. The research investigation provided information into methods for preventing and treating chronic constipation. Notably, there were contributions in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Clients often employ their own alternative methods to aid with bowel evacuation. The research concludes that clients lack sufficient information, and they struggle to find reliable sources. Furthermore, there is a shortage of healthcare professionals who can adequately educate them. Based on the results of the bachelor thesis, a leaflet for patients suffering from chronic constipation was created.
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The importance of effective communication in the nursing team
BEJČKOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis is focused on The importance of effective communication in the nursing team. The aim of this thesis was to find out the impact of communication in the nursing team when performing nursing activities. Then to find out what kind of effect communication between staff has on their relationships with each other. The final objective was to determine if effective communication minimizes errors in nursing practice. The thesis was divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part was devoted to general communication, followed by communication in health care, members of nursing team, personality of the health care worker, conflicts, burnout syndrome, health care, and finally basic information about departmental safety goals. In the practical part, qualitative research was conducted in the form of a semi-structured interview, which was subsequently processed in the form of diagrams. The research was conducted with members of the nursing team in different hospital departments. The results of this thesis revealed that the interviewed informants are aware of the impact of communication on their work and relationships within the team and with patients. They also indicated the most frequently resolved conflict situations and most informants indicated their subsequent adequate resolution. With the exception of one informant, all interviewees agreed that staff put patients mental and physical health at risk through ineffective communication. The objectives of the thesis were met and will be of benefit, both for staff working in the hospital setting and for students studying this field. The results of the thesis could also be an indicator of the quality of communication and a motivation for it's improvement.
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Education of diabetic patient after total pancreatectomy
BAKOVÁ, Terezie
This bachelor thesis titled "Diabetic patient education after total pancreatectomy" addresses the impact on quality of life of patients with new-onset diabetes after total pancreatectomy. It also deals with the process of education for these patients by general nurses and licensed practical nurses.The aim of this thesis was to map the education of patients after total pancreatectomy. To achieve this aim, a qualitative investigation was used, conducted using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with five patients after total pancreatectomy and six nurses who educate these patients. Three research questions were established to answer the stated aim. The questions investigated how education by licensed practical nurses and general nurses takes place in patients after total pancreatectomy. They also investigated what limitations occur in patients after the procedure. The problems encountered by patients in adhering to the treatment regimen were also investigated.The results of the research investigation indicate that nurses most often carry out education in an individual way, and they agree on the topics they include in the education. Education is mainly carried out in the areas of insulin administration, self-monitoring and prevention of complications. Results of other data indicate that insulin administration, compliance of dietary measures, and glucose fluctuations are the most common problems in patients' adherence to their treatment regimen. Digestive disorders, fatigue, changes in eating habits, and limitations in social life are considered the greatest limitations. The research also found that there are no leaflets available signeted for patients after total pancreatectomy. The results of this bachelor thesis may serve to inform future patients before undergoing total pancreatectomy, to provide information about the consequences and impact of this procedure on quality of life. They could also inform licensed practical nurses and general nurses about the problems and shortcomings experienced by patients after total pancreatectomy, and they could positively influence education in these areas.
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Detection of pathogens in joint infections, including total endoprostheses using the BioFire method (Biomérieux)
ŠTĚTINOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the detection of pathogens in joint infections including total joint replacements by the BioFire method (Biomérieux, France). Compared to conventional methods, the Biofire Joint Infection Panel (BioMérieux, France) offers simultaneous detection of up to 39 pathogens and antimicrobial resistance markers in about one hour of time.This method is a multiplex PCR system for rapid and comprehensive testing. It is an innovative method that, thanks to its speed and comprehensiveness, will allow clinical microbiologists and physicians to make timely decisions on appropriate antibiotic therapy. Early de-escalation of this antibiotic therapy will also be enabled through the timely and targeted deployment of the appropriate ATB. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the major infections of joints and joint replacements, introduces the reader to the most important causative agents of these infections, and a section is also devoted to microbiological diagnosis. The practical part describes the classical multiplex PCR, the FilmArray multiplex PCR system and with it the BioFire Joint Infection Panel, which has been used in the analysis of synovial fluid in patients with suspected septic arthritis or periprosthetic infection. Data from the analysis are also evaluated in the practical part. The data are from March 2021 to June 2022 and are presented in the practical part in the form of tables and graphs. The conclusion of the paper summarizes the relevance of the method for routine diagnosis and answers the stated research questions.
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Molecular genetic diagnostics of solitary fibrous tumors
ZÍTOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this work is to provide an expert review of solitary fibrous tumors (SFT). In the practical part of the work, main aim is to create a comprehensive view of the molecular diagnosis of SFT. These tumors exhibit a broad spectrum of biological behavior from benign to malignant. The prognosis is generally uncertain. Promising marker of aggressive biological behavior is a mutation in the promoter region of the TERT gene, which causes the reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase. In this context, the key hypothesis of the work is the question of whether it is possible to determine the biological behavior of the tumor based on sequencing analysis of the promoter region of the TERT gene. A set of 33 patients of the University Hospital in Motol was analyzed and the data was statistically processed.
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